| A | B |
|---|
| cognitive activity | Mental process, such as a dream or memory |
| Kenneth Clark | Psychologist who studied the effect of segregation on children |
| structuralism | School of psychology that looks at the basic elements of conscious experience |
| sociolcultural perspective | Contemporary psychological approach that emphasizes study of ethnicity, gender, culture, and socioleconomic status |
| John B. Watson | Founder of the school of behaviorism |
| Socrates | Philosopher who stressed the importance of introspection |
| Wilhelm Wundt | Founded structuralism |
| Gestalt psychology | School of psychology that describes experience as a whole rather than broken down into parts |
| behavior | Action that can be observed or measured |
| William James | Wrote the first modern psychology textbook |
| psychology | The scientific study of behavior and mental processes. |
| psychological constructs | Theoretical entities, or concepts, that enable one to discuss something that cannot be seen, touched, or measured directly. |
| theory | A set of assumptions about why something is the way it is and happens the way it does. |
| principle | A rule or law. |
| basic research | Research that is conducted for its own sake, that is, without seeking a solution to a scientific problem. |
| introspection | An examination of one's own thoughts and feelings. |
| associationism | A learned connection between two ideas or events. |
| functionalism | The school of psychology, founded by William James, that emphasizes the purposes of behavior and mental processes. |
| behaviorism | The school of psychology, founded by John Watson, that defines psychology as the scientific study of observable behavior. |
| psychoanalysis | The school of psychology, founded by Sigmund Freud, that emphasizes the importance of unconscious motives and conflicts as determinants of human behavior. |
| psychodynamic thinking | The theory that mos of what fills an individual's mind is unconscious and consists of conflicting impulses, urges, and wishes. |
| biological perspective | The psychological perspective that emphasizes the influence of biology on behavior. |
| evolutionary perspective | The theory focusing on the evolution of behavior and mental processes. |
| cognitive perspective | The viewpoint that emphasizes the role of thought processes in determining behavior. |
| humanistic perspective | The psychological view that assumes the existance of the self and emphasizes the importance of self-awareness and the freedom to make choices. |
| psychoanalytic perspective | The perspective that stresses the influences on unconscious forces on human behavior. |
| learning perspective | The psychological point of view that emphasizes the effects of experience on behavior. |
| social-learning perspective | The theory that suggests people have the ability to change their environments or to create new ones. |
| ethnic group | A group united by cultural heritage, race, language, or common history. |
