| A | B |
|---|
| Amicus curiae | friend fo the court |
| Cases of equity | those cases that cannot be resolved under common law precedent |
| Civil Law | deals with contract issues and tort cases (negligence, slander) |
| Common Law | based on judicial precedent |
| Constitutional Courts | courts that were formed to carry out the direction in the Constitution so that the Courts woudl exercise their judicial power |
| Criminal Law | cases that derive from criminal laws passed by the federal and state governments |
| Fletcher v. Peck (1810) | established that the Supreme Court could rule a state law unconstitutional |
| Gibbon v. Ogden (1824) | Congress has sole authority over interstate commerce |
| Judicial Activism | decisions that overturn precedent |
| Judicial Restraint | maintina the status quo, or mirror what the other branches have established as current policy |
| Judiciary Committee | Senate committee responsible for recommending presidential judicial appointments |
| Marshall Court | John Marshall's tenure as Chief Justice (Marbury v. Madison; McCulloch v. Maryland; Gibbons v. Ogden). Cases shifted power to teh judiciary and federal government |
| McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) | established that the federal government was supreme over the state |
| Original jurisdiction | cases heard by teh Supreme Court that do not come on appeal and that "affect ambassadors, othe public ministers and consuls, and those in which a State shall be a party |
| Public law | includes Constitutional law, and administrative law |
| Special courts | courts created by Congress to deal with cases deriving fromteh delegated powers of COngress (military appeals, tax appeals, and veteran appeals) |
| Stare decisis | Latin for "judicial precedent," |
| Writ of certiori | "Cert" the process in which the Supreme COurt accepts written briefs on appeal, based onteh "rule of four" justices voting to hear the case |
