| A | B |
|---|
| A mixture with the same properties throughout, containing particles too small to see. | solution |
| What 2 things does every solution contain? | A solvent and a solute. |
| Present in a solution in the largest amount | solvent |
| Is dissolved in a solvent; present is a smaller amount | solute |
| the "universal solvent" | water |
| a mixture containing small, undissolved particles that do not settle out but scatter light | colloid |
| a mixture containing visible particles that can be easily separated by settling out | suspension |
| How do solutes affect the freezing point of solvents? | lowers them |
| How do solutes affect the boiling point of solvents? | raises them |
| a measure of how much solute can dissolve in a solvent at a given temperature | solubility |
| factors that affect the solubility of a substance | pressure, the type of solvent, temperature |
| a substance that tastes sour, reacts with metals and carbonates, and turns blue litmus paper red | acid |
| eats away at metals | corrosive |
| a compound that changes color when in contact with an acid or a base | indicator |
| a commonly used indicator | litmus paper |
| a substance that tastes bitter, feels slippery, and turns red litmus paper blue | base |
| the color acid turns litmus paper | from blue to red (red - burns) |
| the color a base turns limus paper | from red to blue (blue - base) |
| What is a hydrogen ion? | an atom of hydrogen that has lost its electron |
| Any substance that produces hydrogen ions in water | acid |
| What is the hydroxide ion? | a negative ion, made of oxygen and hydrogen |
| any substance that produces hydroxide ions in water | base |
| How cn you tell the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution? | pH scale |
| a reaction between an acid and a base is called... | neutralization |
| What is produced when an acid reacts with a base? | a salt and water |
| sugar water is an example of a | solution |
| A compound that changes color when it contacts an acid or a base is called a(n) | indicator |
| Ammonia and soap are examples of a(n) | base |
| Two ways to increase solubility | increase temperature, increase pressure |
| When so much solute is added no more can dissolve, the solution is... | saturated |
| in water, hydroxide ions are formed by... | bases |
| in water, hydrogen ions are formed by | acids |
| the pH scale measures the concentration of... | hydrogen ions in a solution |
| a measure of how well a solute can dissolve in a solvent at a given temperature | solubility |
| when the pH is high, the concentration of hydrogen ions is... | low |
| when the pH is low, the concentration of hydrogen ions is... | high |
| a neutral pH value | 7 |
