| A | B |
|---|
| rock cycle | series of processes: rock forms, changes from one type to another, is destroyed, & forms again by geological processes |
| Bowen's reaction series | simplified pattern that illustrates the order in which minerals crystallize from cooling magma--by chemical composition & melting point |
| igneous rock | rock that forms when magma cools & solidifies |
| intrusive igneous rock | rock formed from the cooling & solidification of magma beneath Earth's surface |
| extrusive igneous rock | rock that forms from the cooling & solidification of lava at Earth's surface |
| felsic | describes magmas or igneous rock that is rich in feldspars & silica & that is generally light in color |
| mafic | describes magma or igneous rock that is rich in magnesium & iron & that is generally dark in color |
| compaction | process where the volume & porosity of a sediment is decrreased by the weight of overlying sediments |
| cementation | process where minerals precipitate into pore spaces between sediment grains & bind sediments together to form rock |
| chemical sedimentary rock | sedimentary rock that forms when minerals precipitate from a solution or settle from a suspension |
| organic sedimentary rock | sedimentary rock that forms from the remains of plants or animals |
| clastic sedimentary rock | sedimentary rock that forms when fragments of preexisting rocks are compacted or cemented together |
| metamorphism | process where one type of rock changes into metamorphic rock because of chemical processes or changes in pressure & temperature |
| contact metamorphism | a change in the texture, structure, or chemical composition of a rock due to contact with magma |
| regional metamorphism | change in texture/structure/chemical composition of rock due to changes in temp. & pressure over large area |
| foliation | the metamorphic rock texture in which mineral grains are arranged in planes or bands |
| nonfoliated | the metamorphic rock texture in which mineral grains are not arranged in planes or bands |
