| A | B |
|---|
| infinitive phrase | to + verb |
| prepositional phrase | prep + noun |
| gerund | verb+ing used as a noun |
| participial phrase | verb in ed or ing form |
| introductory phrase | followed by a comma |
| essential phrase | vital info/no commas used |
| nonessential phrase | extra info/pair of commas used |
| parenthetical phrase | used in the middle of sentence |
| "off the cuff" | prepositional phrase |
| to run | infinitive phrase |
| the girl running away now | essential participial phrase |
| Marvin, riding the motorcycle, | nonessential participial phrase |
| Her smacking gum was annoying. | gerund with possessive pronoun |
| phrase | subject or predicate, not both |
| To pass, we studied. | introductory infinitive phrase |
| To eat shrimp is a treat. | infinitive as subject |
| We hate to get shots. | infinitive as direct object |
