| A | B |
|---|
| cuticle | the waxy, waterproof layer that covers the leaves and stems of moves plants (p.252) |
| vascular tissue | the internal transporting tissue in some plants that is made up of tubelike structures (p.252) |
| zygote | a fertilized egg, produced by teh joining of a sperm and an egg (pp.252, 675) |
| nonvascular | a low-growing plant that lacks true vascular tissue (p.253) |
| vascular plant | a plant that has true vascular tissue (p.253) |
| sporophyte | the stage in the life cycle of a plant in which the plant produces spores (p.254) |
| gametophyte | the stage in the life cycle of a plant in which the plant produces gametes, or sex cells (p.254) |
| rhizoid | a tin, rootlike structure that anchors a moss and absorbs water and nutrients (p.257) |
| frond | the leaf of a fern plant (p.259) |
| phloem | the vascular tissue through which food moves in some plants (p.263) |
| xylem | the vascular tissue through which water and nutrients move in some plants p.263) |
| pollen | tiny particles (male gametophytes) produced by seed plants that contain the cells that later become sperm cells (p.263) |
| seed | the plant structure that contains a young plant inside a protective covering (p.263) |
| embryo | a young organism that develops from a zygote (p.264); a developing human during the first eight weeks after fertilization (p.683) |
| cotyledon | a seed leaf (p.264) |
| germination | the sprouting of the embryo from a seed that occurs where the embryo resumes growth (p.266) |
| root cap | a structure that covers the tip of a rot, protecting the root from injury (p.267) |
| cambium | a layer of cells in a plant that produces new phloem and xylem cells (p.268) |
| transpiration | the process by which water is lost through a plant's leaves (p.271) |
| gymnosperm | a plant that produces seeds that are not enclosed by a protective fruit (p.272) |
| cone | the reproductive structure of a gymnosperm (p.274) |
| ovule | a structure that contains an egg cell (p.274) |
| pollination | contamination of Earth's land, water, or air (p.779) |
| angiosperm | a flowering plant that produces seeds enclosed in a protective structure (p.276) |
| flower | the reproductive structure of an angiosperm (p.276) |
| sepal | a leaflike structure that encloses the bud of a flower (p.276) |
| petal | a colorful, leaflike structure of some flowers (p.276) |
| stamen | a male reproductive part of a flower (p.276) |
| pistil | the female reproductive part of a flower (p.277) |
| ovary | a flower structure that encloses and protects ovule and seeds as they develop; organ of the female reproductive system in which eggs and estrogen are produced (pp.277-278) |
| fruit | the ripened ovary and other structures of an angiosperm that enclose one or more seeds (p.78) |
| monocot | an angiosperm with one seed leaf (p.280) |
| dicot | an angiosperm that has two seed leaves (p.280) |
| tropism | the growth response of a plant toward or away from a stimulus (p.284) |
| hormone | a chemical in an organism that produces a specific effect such as growth or development (pp.285,667) |
| auxin | a plant hormone that speeds up the rate of growth of plant cells (p.285) |
| photoperiodism | a plant's response to seasonal changes in length of night and day (p.286) |
| short-day plant | a plant that flowers when the nights are longer than the plant's critical night length (p.286) |
| long-day plant | a plant that flowers when teh nights are shroter than the plant's critical night length (p.286) |
| critical night length | the number of hours of darkness that determines whether or not a plant will flower (p.286) |
| day-neutral plant | plant with a flowering cycle that is not sensitive to periods of light and dark (p.286) |
| dormancy | a period when an organism's growth or activity stops (p.286) |
| annual | a flowering plant that completes its life cycle in one growing season (p.287) |
| biennial | a flowering plant that completes its life cycle in two years (p.287) |
| perennial | a flowering plant that lives for more than two years (p.287) |
