| A | B |
|---|
| DNA is split up into these | genes |
| A section of DNA that codes for the production of a protein or a portion of protein, thereby causing a trait. | gene |
| What is the structure of DNA? | double helix |
| Who first described the DNA structure? | James Watson and Francis Crick |
| The approximate number of genes humans have | 30,000 |
| These are the only cells in your body that do not contain DNA. | red blood cells |
| Most DNA is in the cell nucleus. But some is in the ? | mitochondria |
| The "C" chemical in DNA | cytosine |
| Together, a base, sugar, and phosphate are called ? | nucleotide |
| The making of an exact copy of the DNA is called what? | replication |
| This makes DNA unique to each individual | nucleotide sequence |
| The chemicals in everyone's DNA are ? | the same |
| The only difference between the DNA of people is the order of their ? | base pairs |
| The number of chromosomes people have. | 46 |
| The estimated number of chemical base pairs in the human genome | Three billion |
| Term for all of the genes an organism has | genome |
| To develop better strategies for treating and preventing human disease | Purpose of DNA research |
| Creates negative image of DNA | RNA |
| Uses negative image of DNA to make proteins | ribosomes |
| The process for forming proteins inside the ribosomes | translation |
| DNA coiled around and supported by proteins | chromosome |
| The process where two duplicate cells are made from a single cell. | mitosis |
| The rebuilding of red blood cells is an example of what? | mitosis |
| The number of chromosome pairs humans have | 23 |
| In males chromosome pair 23 will be _ and _ | x and y |
| In females chromosome pair 23 will be __ and __. | x and x |
| These cells have two homologous copies of each chromosome, one from the mother and one from the father. | diploid |
| A human haploid cell has ___ chromosomes | 23 |
| In sexual reproduction,___chromosomes from the father combine with ___ from the mother to form new cells with 46 chromosomes. | 23, 23 |
| In males, the gametes produced by meiosis are called ? | sperm |
| Which is bigger, a sperm or an egg? | egg |
| Created when a sperm fertilizes an egg | zygote |
| Are viruses cells? | No |
| Do viruses reproduce on their own? | No |
| Is a virus alive? | No |
| The way a virus spreads | Injecting its genetic material into cells |
| A virus | polio |
| A general term for agents of disease | pathogens |
| Germ | Archaic term for bacteria and viruses |
| Specialized proteins that aid in destroying infectious agents | Antibodies |
| A weakened or inactive version of a pathogen that stimulates the body's production of antibodies | vaccine |
| When was the polio vaccine introduced in the US? | 1955 |
| When was the measles vaccine introducted in the US? | 1963 |
| Once a vaccine is approved, who monitors its use? | Centers for Disease Control (CDC) |
| Is the smallpox vaccine still given to kids? | No. |
| The "A" chemical in DNA | adenine |
| The "G" chemical in DNA | guanine |
| The "T" chemical in DNA | thymine |
