| A | B |
|---|
| Observation | an act or instance of viewing or noting a fact or occurrence for some scientific or other special purpose |
| Data | a body of facts; information |
| Inference | the act of reasoning from factual knowledge or evidence |
| Hypothesis | a tentative explanation for an observation, phenomenon, or scientific problem that can be tested by further investigation |
| Theory | a proposed explanation whose status is still conjectural, in contrast to well-established propositions that are regarded as reporting matters of actual fact |
| Deductive reasoning | reasoning from the general to the particular |
| Inductive reasoning | reasoning from detailed facts to general principles |
| Pure science | systematic observation of natural phenomena solely for the discovery of unknown laws relating to facts; the study of science alone, not including its relations to other subjects |
| Applied science | the discipline dealing with the art or science of applying scientific knowledge to practical problems |
| Diagrams | a plan, sketch, drawing, or outline designed to demonstrate or explain how something works or to clarify the relationship between the parts of a whole |
| Tables | an arrangement of words, numbers, or signs, or combinations of them, as in parallel columns, to exhibit a set of facts or relations in a definite, compact, and comprehensive form; a synopsis or scheme |
| Graph | a diagram representing a system of connections or interrelations among two or more things by a number of distinctive dots, lines, bars, etc. |
| Dependent variable | the event studied and expected to change when the independent variable is changed |
| Independent variable | a manipulated variable in an experiment or study whose presence or degree determines the change in the dependent variable |
| Experiment | a test, trial, or tentative procedure; an act or operation for the purpose of discovering something unknown or of testing a principle, supposition, etc. |
