| A | B |
|---|
| James II | King that created the "Dominion of New England"; became King after Charles II died |
| Sir Edmund Andros | Royal governor of the "Dominion of New England"; widely disliked |
| Nathaniel Bacon | Planter on the Virginian frontier who criticized the governor and led a revolt against the Native Americans that raided their crops |
| John Peter Zenger | Publisher of the New York Weekly Journal that printed articles against the colonial governors; he was accused of libel which resulted in the first case regarding freedom of the press |
| Libel | the act of publishing harmful statements |
| Mercantilism | Means that to gain wealth, a country must sell more goods than it buys ($ theory) |
| Navigation Acts | Laws that control colonial trade |
| Legislature | Lawmaking body |
| Bacon's Rebellion | A revolt against the Native Americans created by 300 small farmers and servants |
| "Dominion of New England" | Union of New England, New York and New Jersey with one governor and council, abolishing the colonial assemblies elected by the colonists |
| Gentry | Highest social class in the colonies |
| Social Mobility | The possibility for a person to move from one social class to another |
| Great Awakening | 1730s and 1740s where there was a renewed interest in religion and affected the way people looked at one another and at their society |
| George Whitefield | Leading revivalist preacher from Great Britain |
| Jonathan Edwards | Great Awakening preacher that believed all people could be touched by this movement |
| Benjamin Franklin | Important figure in the development of American science; Philadelphia printer, writer, dilplomat and inventor; flew a kite in a thunderstorm, invented the lightning |
| Anne Dudley Bradstreet | Poet from Massachusetts, 1650-first American poetry to be published in London |
| Phyllis Wheatly | African slave whose poetry was published in London |
| Revival | Renewed interest in religion |
| Library Company of Philadelphia | Led British troops agains the French, but was unsuccessful because he used European battle tactics |
| William Pitt | After the British faced disappointing defeats by the French, he was appointed minister of war by British king; showed great skill for planning troop movement and strategy; Knew the war had to be won in America, sent troops and the navy (turning point of the war) |
| General James Wolfe | Given task of capturing Quebec; his troops were successful, but he died in the battle |
| New France | French settlement in North America |
| St Lawrence River | English colonies ran inland along this river |
| Mississippi River Valley | France claimed land in this valley; Middle Colonies extended west to the Mississippi River |
| Ohio Valley | Area between the Appalachian mountains and the Great Lakes that was claimed by both the French and the British; French Fur Trappers roamed this area in search of hides |
| French and Indian War | Fought between France and Britain; most Native American groups sided with France; Colonists sided with Britain and believed the war was fought to protect themselves (the colonists) |
| Iroquois League | Six Nations of the Native American league sided with the British |
| Albany Plan of Union | Created by Benjamin Franklin, it called for a council made of delegates from each colony with a leader appointed by the British king; it would be able to raise and equip an army and navy and be able to tax the colonies; loosely formed union |
| Treaty of Paris | Signed by British and French to end the war; France was left with no land in North America |
| Proclamation of 1763 | Forbade colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains |
| Seven Years War | Other name of the French and Indian War |
| Cause of Colonists Frustration after the French and Indian War | Great Britain expected the colonists to pay for the cost of the Seven Years War |
| French Advantages in the French and Indian War | Guerilla Warfare, Colonial Sectionalism |
| British Advantages in the French and Indian War | Larger population, Strong Navy |
| The "Join or Die" Cartoon referred to this agreement | Albany Plan of Union |
| In the "Join or Die" cartoon, what did the snake represent? | 13 divided colonies |
| What did the letters around the snake represent in the cartoon, "Join or Die"? | The names of the 13 colonies |
| What reaction would a colonist have after looking at the "Join or Die" cartoon? | Fear, Urgency |
| Charles II | King of England until 1685; wanted more control over the colonies and their profits from trade |
| Fort Necessity | George Washington was forced to surrender this place to the French |
| General Edward Braddock | Used European strategies to fight the French, and lost |
| Salutary Neglect | Great Britain's policy with the colonists before the French and Indian War; colonies were allowed to grow and prosper with little outside control |
| Town meetings | Government of Direct Democracy; Male property owners conducted town affairs and executed laws; elected representatives to serve in colonial legislature |
| Smuggling | Trading illegally |
| militia | group of civilians trained to fight in emergencies |
| Middle Passage | Part of the Triangular Trade Route in which the African slaves were shipped to the West Indies |
