| A | B |
|---|
| abrasion | a form of physical weathering caused by friction between rock particles |
| chemical weathering | the breakdown of rock through a change in mineral or chemical composition |
| erosion | the carrying away of sediment by wind water, ice and other agents (particles are transported) |
| mass movement | gravity erosion that pulls rocks/sediments downward(landslides, mudslides, avalanches) |
| meander | a curve or bend in a stream or river |
| sandbar | a pile or low ridge of sand, often just above or just below water level |
| u-shaped valley | the shape of a valley after being eroded by a glacier |
| v-shaped valley | the shape of a valley after being eroded by a stream or river |
| watershed | the area of land drained by any one stream (drainage area) |
| weathering | the chemical and physical breakdown of rocks |
| glacier | a large mass of moving ice |
| asthenosphere | the plastic, partly solid, partly liquid layer of Earth's mantle just below the lithosphere that allows plate movement |
| convergent plate boundary | the boundary between two colliding plates; associated with mountain building, ocean trenches and volcanic island arcs |
| divergent plate boundary | the boundary between two plates that are spreading apart at a mid ocean ridge or at a continental rift zone |
| earthquake | natural vibrations that radiate from a sudden movement along a fault zone within earth or from sudden movement of magma |
| epicenter | the origin of the earthquake, the place on earth's surface lying directly above the focus |
| fault | a break in rock of earth's crust along which there has been displacement |
| hot spot | location at which a stationary hot plume of magma brakes through the crust |
| lithosphere | a solid layer of earth that includes the crust and the upper portion of the mantle |
| moho | interface between the crust and mantle |
| ocean trench | the long, steep, and narrow depression produced by the bending down of subducting plates |
| uplift | rising of Earth's crust due to forces within earth, generally related to motion of the tectonic plates |
| volcano | a mountain or mound composed of extrusive igneous rock |
| original horizontality | a theory that states sedimentary rocks and some extrusive igneous rocks form in horizontal layers |
| island arc | form at subduction zones where plates converge and magma rises to form volcanoes |
| unsorted | not arranged in any specific way |
| magnitude | total energy released by the earthquake, measured by the Richter scale |
| convection | circulation of heated fluid caused by density currents |
| stream discharge | amount or volume of water |
| orogeny | refers to mountain building |
| sediment | rock particles |
| folded | rock layers are bent or curved |
| p waves | primary waves |
| s waves | secondary waves |
| tsunami | a giant wave |
| plate tectonic theory | the theory that states the Earth's lithosphere is broken into tiny plates |
| transform plate boundary | when two plates slide past each other |
| mid ocean ridge | a mountain range at the bottom of an ocean |
| seismic waves | earthquake waves |
| delta | a fan shaped area at the end of a stream |
