| A | B |
|---|
| bessemer process | allowed several tons of iron to be made into steel in only 10 or 20 minutes instead a day or more |
| patent | exclusive right to manufacture or sell an invention |
| Knights of Labor | group that accepted both skilled and unskilled workers as members |
| Homestead Strike | strike during which Henry Frick locked workers out of the plant and refused to negotiate with the union |
| free enterprise | business that is not restricted by gov. involvement |
| corporations | legal grouping of several companies under one board of directors |
| horizontal integration | ownership of all businesses in a particular field |
| Populist Party | group with goals of removing influence of big business on gov. and granting all Americans a greater voice in gov. |
| Naitonal Grange | social and education organization for farmers |
| free coinage | gold and silver are coined and paper money is worth a specific amt. of gold or silver |
| Second Industrial Revolution | rapid growth in U.S. manufacutring late 1800's |
| Sherman Antitrust Act | attempt to monopolize any part of the trade or commerce among states is illegal |
| American Federation of Labor | organized national unions |
| Haymarket Riot | Chicago/8 hr. work days people killed |
| Interstate Commerce Commission | national regulation of trade among states |
| collective bargaining | when union leaders negotiat for better wages and working conditions for all workers in a particular factory or industry |
| trust | legal grouping of several companies controlled by a board of directors |
| cooperative societies | formed by farmers to buy goods in bulk at lower prices and to try to earn higher prices for their crops |
| entrepreneurs | people who start new businesses |
| Populist party | group with goals of removing influence of big businewss on governent and granting all Americans a greater voice in government |
| corporations | companies that sell share of ownership called stocks |
| gold standard | only gold could back US money |
| Social Darwinism | a belief in survival of the fittest |
| Nikola Tesla | invented alternating current |
| George Pullman | invented sleeping cars for the trains |
| Haymarket Riot | Chicago, Illinois; wanted 8 hour work day |
| Homestead Strike | Carnegie steel plant; Homestead PA, compay won by refusing to negotiate with unions |
| Pullman Strike | Pullman, Illinois, strike broken when fed'l gov. forced workers to stop striking because they were interfering with trade |
| Panic of 1893 | left millions of Americans unemployed and led to a shortage in US gold reserves |
| old immigrants | people who moved to the United States before the 1880's |
| Immigration Restriction League | nativist organization that hoped to reduce immigration from eastern and southern Europe |
| mass transit | public transportation |
| Hull House | founded by Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Starrr to help poor families particularly immigrants in Chicago |
| steerage | cheapest way to travel in the US below deck |
| Louisa May Alcott | Author of Little Woman |
| suburbs | residential neighborhoods outside of downtown area |
| W. Howells | editor of Atlantic Monthly magazine and early realist writeer |
| realism | style of writing focusing on presenting accurate pictures of Am. society |
| Winslow Homer | painter known for unsentimental watercolors of seascapes and rural New England |
| new immigrants | came to the US during and after 1880's (south and eastern Europe) |
| settlement houses | neighborhood centers offering educ, recreation and social activities |
| mass culture | cultural activities shared by a lg number of people |
| Chinese Exclusion Act | law keeping Chinese out of US |
| benevolent societies | helped immigrants who were unemployed, sick |
| Ellis Island | fed. gov. immigrant receiving center in NY harbour |
| Jane Addams | cofounder of Hull House; settlement house in Chicago |
| Mary Cassatt | lst Am painter to join the impressionist movement in France |
| Frederick Law Olmsted | landscape architect designed Central Park in NY |
| Theodore Dreiser | naturalist author of the novel Sister Carrie |
| George Eastman | introduced the box cameras |
| sweat shops | low paying jobs sewed garments in small rooms |
| suburbs | middle class Am; outside of cities |
| NEW?OLD? arrived after 1880 | new |
| NEW?OLD? included many who spoke English | old |
| NEW?OLD? mostly from Britain, Germany, Ireland and Scandinavia | old |
| NEW?OLD? lg percentage from south and east Europe | new |
| NEW?OLD? some seeking to escape religious or political persecution | new |
| NEW?OLD? included many different religions | new |
| arrived before 1880 | old |
| NEW?OLD? many entered the US through Ellis Island | new |
| NEW?OLD? mostly Protestant | old |
| NEW?OLD? many skilled workers | new |
