| A | B |
|---|
| North in the 1800's | natural harbors, industrial, and cold climate |
| South in the 1800's | agricultural, warm climate, fertile top soil, and independent lifestyle |
| interdependent | being dependent on one another for certain needs |
| sectionalism | putting the interests of a particular region above those of the nation |
| conflicts between North and South | tariffs, states' rights, and slavery as it related to westward expansion |
| tariff | a tax on imported goods |
| the North | favored high tariffs because they wanted to protect their businesses from British competition |
| the South | needed low tariffs to be able to buy goods from abroad |
| the South | believed states could withdraw from the U.S. Constitution |
| Georgia resisted nullification | respect for President Jackson who was against secession |
| states' rights Southerners | believed states were not bound by any higher powers except those given to the national government by the U.S. Constitution |
| the North | rejected the concept of nullification because they believed on the U.S. Supreme Court could declare a law unconstitutional |
| nullification | declaring that a law is without force and not binding |
| secession | the action of withdrawing from the Union |
| states' rights | belief that states have certain rights that the national government cannot violate |
| territory | a frontier area belonging to the United States |
| the South | wanted western lands distributed quickly and cheaply to encourage agriculture territories which would require slave labor |
| emancipate | to set free |
| equal power between North and South | required an equal number of slave and free states in Congress |
| Missouri Compromise (1820) | Maine admitted as a free state and slavery prohibited north of 36°30' latitude |
| Louisiana Purchase | included the Missouri Territory that led to the Missouri Compromise of 1820 |
| Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 | allowed voters in those territories to decide whether slavery would be permitted |
| Georgia Platform of 1850 | kept Georgia in the Union as long as the North abided by the Compromise of 1850 |
| Dred Scott case | doomed the Compromise of 1850 |
| "Bleeding Kansas" | name given to the Kansas territory because of the brutality which the slave owners and abolitionists used to settle the area |
| Mexican War | An American victory forced Mexico to cede land between Texas and the Pacific Ocean. |
| popular sovereignty | government bending to the will of the people |
| Compromise of 1850 | popular sovereignty, California admitted as a free state, and free states required to return escaped slaves |
| popular sovereignty | people of a territory voting on whether an area would be slave or free |
| Henry Clay | proposed the Compromise of 1850 |
| Howell Cobb | Georgian who was speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives when the Compromise of 1850 passed |
| ways slaves were freed | taking them to a free state and granting them freedom |
| Paul Cuffe | black shipping merchant who paid for blacks to move back to Africa |
| abolitionists | people who opposed slavery but also opposed the removal of blacks from the U.S. (moving them to Africa) |
| Willian Crawford | U.S. secretary of the treasury and leader in the American Colonization Society |
| American Colonization Society | formed in 1816 to relocate freed blacks back to Africa |
| free blacks | presented a problem for white southern leaders because their success threatened the institution of slavery |
| a right of free blacks | to own property |
| Liberia | a colony established in 1820 on the coast of West Africa |
| support for slavery strengthened | rising importance of cotton, fear of slave revolts, and interference from northern abolitionists |
| Harriet Tubman | one of the most successful conductors of the Underground Railroad |
| "peculiar institution" | a reference to slavery in an Atlanta newspaper in 1860 |
| Frederick Douglass | abolitionist writer and lecturer |
| William Lloyd Garrison | editor of the Liberator |
| Uncle Tom's Cabin | a book written by Harriet Beecher Stowe which caused the abolitionist movement to increase |
| methods of resisting slavery | ran away, worked slowly, damaged equipment, and faked sickness |
