| A | B |
|---|
| What is nonliving, solid matter from the earth? | mineral |
| How are all rocks alike? | All rocks are made up of one or more minerals. |
| What are the 3 characteristics of minerals? | luster, color, and hardness |
| What is another word for luster? | Shininess |
| What is the way a mineral reflects light? | Luster |
| What is a good example of a mineral that has a lot of luster? | gold |
| Do minerals come in many different colors? | yes |
| Do minerals change colors? | Yes |
| Is color a good way to identify minerals? | no |
| What is the hardest mineral? | diamond |
| What is a scratch test? | A scratch test is done to compare the hardness of the minerals. The harder mineral will scratch the softer mineral. |
| What are the 3 types of rocks? | The 3 types of rocks are igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. |
| What forms from magma that cools under the earth's surface or from the lava that hardens on the earth's surface? | igneous rock |
| What is an example of an igneous rock? | granite |
| What type of rock is made from tiny pieces of rocks, shells, and sand? | Sedimentary rock |
| How are sedimentary rocks formed? | The sediments are carried into lakes and oceans by rivers and streams. They sink to the bottom and a pressed together. This takes many years. |
| What are 2 examples of sedimentary rocks? | sandstone and limestone |
| What does the word "metamorphic" mean? | It means "to change". |
| What are igneous or sedimentary rocks that have changed? | metamorphic rocks |
| What causes the change in igneous and metamorphic rocks? | Heat from deep in the earth and pressure of rocks above cause the change. |
| What are the building blocks of rocks? | Minerals are the building blocks of rocks. |
| How is soil formed? | Soil is formed from weathered rock, minerals, and humus. |
| What is decayed plant and animal matter? | Humus |
| What are the 3 types of soil? | The 3 types of soil are sand, clay, and topsoil. |
| What does not hold water well and is not good for growing plants because of large grains? | sand |
| What holds water well, but is difficult for plants to grow in because it is so hard | clay |
| What holds water well and is best for growing plants? | topsoil |
| What is a substance in the soil used for growth and repair | nutrient |
| What does soil also contain besides weathered rock and humus? | It also contains pockets of air and water. |
| Which soil has few nutrients? | sand |
| Which soils are rich in nutrients? | clay and topsoil |
| What is topsoil a mixture of? | Topsoil is a mixture of sand, clay, and humus |
| What is an example of a metamorphic rock? | Marble is a metamorphic rock that was changed from limestone, a sedimentary rock. |
| What is a natural resource? | useful things the earth produces |
| What are 4 common natural resources? | Air, water, soil, and lumber |
| What natural resource is formed from dead organisms buried in sediment and acted upon by heat and pressure? | natural gas |
| How are trees a natural resource? | Trees provide wood used to make pencils, paper, homes, and furniture. They also give off oxygen and provide homes for animals. |
| What natural resource is formed in shallow ocean basin from remains of dead organisms, buried in sediment, and acted upon by heat and pressure? | petroleum |
| Are natural gas, trees, and petroleum "renewable"? | Yes, they are, but it takes many years. |
| How can we conserve natural resources? | Ride bikes, use solar energy, turn off water when showering/brushing teeth, walk more, recycle, carpool, turn off lights when not in the room |
