| A | B |
| Aeneid | a Latin epic written by Virgil; tells the adventures of Aeneas after the Trojan War |
| Alps | mountain range that runs through northern Italy; provided protection |
| aqueduct | channel built to carry water |
| assembly | part of legislative branch made up of patricians; elected consuls |
| Augustus Caesar | first absolute ruler of Roman empire |
| bishop | high-ranking chuch official who directed the church in districts |
| Byzantium | new capital built by Constatine in Roman empire |
| Carthage | one of Mediterranean's wealthiest cities before defeated by Rome in Punic Wars |
| Coliseum | stadium where gladiator games were held |