| A | B |
|---|
| People who interact in a defined territory and share culture. | Society |
| Learned set of beliefs, values, norms, and material goods shared by group members. | Culture |
| The tangible things created by members of a society (i.e. art architecture, clothing, consumer goods). | Material Culture |
| The intangible world of ideas created by members of a society (i.e. language, belies, attitudes, etc.). | Nonmaterial Culture |
| Anything to which group members assign meaning. | Symbol |
| A system of symbols that allows people to communicate with one another. | Language |
| People perceive the world through the cultural lens of language. | Sapir-Whorf Thesis |
| Specific statements that people hold to be true; particular matters that individuals consider true or false. | Beliefs |
| Shared ideas about what is socially desirable; abstract standards of goodness. | Values |
| Rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members. | Norms |
| Informal rules and expectations that guide people’s everyday behavior that may be violated without serious consequences within a particular culture. | Folkways |
| Strongly held norms with moral and ethical connotations that may not be violated without serious consequences in a particular culture. | Mores |
| Formal, standardized norms that have been enacted by legislatures and are enforced by formal sanctions. | Laws |
| Mores so strong that their violation is considered to be extremely offensive and even unmentionable (i.e. cannibalism, incest). | Taboos |
| Penalties or rewards society uses to encourage conformity and punish deviance. | Sanctions |
| The assumption that one’s own culture and way of life are superior to all others. | Ethnocentrism |
| Groups that share many elements of mainstream culture but maintain their own distinctive customs, values, norms, and lifestyles. | Subculture |
| A group that strongly rejects dominant societal values and norms and seeks alternative lifestyles. | Counterculture |
| What people should do, according to group norms and values. | Ideal Culture |
| What people do in everyday social interaction. | Real Culture |
