| A | B |
|---|
| Data | consists of information coming from observations |
| Statistics | is the science of collecting |
| Population | in the collection of all outcomes |
| Sample | is a subset of a population |
| Parameter | is a numerical description of a population characteristic |
| Statistic | is a numerical description of a sample characteristic |
| Descriptive statistic | is the branch of statistics that involves the organization |
| Inferential statistics | is the branch of statistics that involves using a sample to draw conclusions about a population. A basic tool in the study of inferential statistics is probability |
| Qualitative data | consist of attributes |
| Quantitative data | consist of numerical measurements or counts. |
| Nominal level of measurement | qualitative only. Data at this level are categorized using names |
| Ordinal levels of measurement | are qualitative or quantitative. Data at this level can be arranged in order |
| Interval level of measurement | can be ordered |
| Ratio level of measurement | is similar to data at the interval level with the added property that a zero entry is an inherent zero. A ratio of two data values can be formed so that one data value can be meaningfully expressed as a multiple of another. |
| Confounding variable | occurs when an experimenter cannot tell the difference between the effects of different factors on a variable. |
| Blinding | is a technique where the subject does not know whether he or she is receiving a treatment or a placebo |
| Double-blind experiment | neither the subject nor the experiment knows if the subject is receiving a treatment or a placebo. |
| Randomization | is a process of randomly assigning subjects to different treatment groups. |
| Replication | is the repetition of an experiment using a large group of subjects. |
