| A | B |
|---|
| volume | the amount of space an object takes up |
| mass | the amount of matter in an object |
| length | the amount of distance between 2 points |
| temperature | the amount of kinetic energy between molecules |
| solid | a substance that has a definite shape and a definite volume |
| gas | a substance that has no shape and no volume; easily compressible |
| plasma | a substance that makes up 99% of the universe |
| liquid | a substance that has no shape, but a definite volume |
| viscosity | the measure of a liquid's resistance to flow (ex, oil) |
| meteorology | the study of weather |
| meteorologist | weather person |
| weather | the hourly and daily changes in the atmosphere over a region |
| atmosphere | the mixture of gases and solids that surround the Earth's lithosphere (land) and hydrosphere (water) |
| evaporation | the process of a liquid becoming a gas |
| melting | the process of a solid becoming a liquid |
| physical change | changes in state of matter (plasma, gas, liquid, solid); the same substance is there but the physical properties may be different |
| chemical change | changes to the structure of the matter; the chemical structure is changed and cannot return to the original object ex. Wood burning |
| proton | the subatomic particle that has a positive charge; found in the nucleus; used to number atoms on the periodic table |
| electron | the subatomic particle that has a negative charge; found outside the nucleus; so small that it is considered zero; charge -1 |
| neutron | the subatomic particle that has a neutral charge; found in the nucleus |
| atomic mass | the total number of protons and neutrons |
| neutral atom | an atom where the number of protons equals the number of electrons |
| control variable | used as a standard for comparison in an experiment to see if the variable has an effect |
| procedure | describes steps to follow in an experiment |
| independent variable | variable being tested |
| hypothesis | usually an if-then statement; what is being tested by the experiment |
| Scientific Law | rule of nature; explains what happens but not why; can be proven through experiments |
| Theory | an explanation that is supported by experiments over and over again but not proven |
| homogeneous mixture | mixture is made of 2 or more pure substances evenly spread out |
| element | a pure substance made up of only one atom; it cannot be broken down by chemical means |
| compound | 2 or more different atoms bonded together |
| pure substance | can be an element or a compound |
| heterogeneous mixture | 2 or more pure substances mixed together unevenly |
| barometer | instrument that measures air pressure |
| anamometer | instrument that measures wind speed |
| land breeze | wind that blows from the land to the sea |
| sea breeze | wind that blows from the sea to the land |
| cumulus clouds | fair weather clouds that may develop into thunderstorms |
| cirrus clouds | high,feathery, wispy clouds |
| stratus clouds | smooth, gray clouds that cover the whole sky and block the sun; rain clouds |
| hail | forms when water drops and ice pellets refreeze during updrafts; usually occur in violent thunderstorms |
| sleet | water drops freeze as they are falling to the ground |
| snow | when water vapor changes directly to a solid |
| doldrums | the equator's weak surface winds |
| trade winds | warm steady winds that blow continuously |
| prevailing westerlies | strong, steady winds blowing from the horse latitudes towards the poles |
| front | the boundary between 2 air masses |
| maritime | ocean, wet |
| polar | cold |
| continental | land |
| tropical | warm |
| lithosphere | crust and upper mantle; broken into plates that float on the asthenosphere |
| occluded front | less extremee weather when hot and cold fronts meet |
| warm front | rain or showers followed by hot or humid weather |
| cold front | violent storms, followed bby fair, cool weather |
| stationary front | rain that can last for days because neither air mass is moving |
| convergent boundary | plates push toward each other; subduction occurs |
| divergent boundary | plates move away from each other; ex. mid ocean ridge |
| transform boundary | plates slide past each other |
