| A | B |
|---|
| dominant | trait that expresses itself; the trait you see; usually represented by a capital letter |
| recessive | trait that typically does not express itself unless both alleles are for this trait; represented by a lower case letter |
| allele | the specific trait that is on a gene; you get one from each parent |
| gene | chemical factor that determines traits; these make up chromosomes |
| hybrid | offspring of parents with different geneotypes (letters) |
| genetics | the scientific study of heredity |
| fertilization | process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join to form a new cell |
| true-breeding | term used to describe organisms that produce offspring identical to themselves if allowed to self-pollinate. Parents must be homozygous for this to happen. |
| trait | specific characteristic. such a eye color or plant height, that varies from one individual to another |
| gamete | special type of cell used in sexual reproduction; egg and sperm cells |
| segregation | separating of the two alleles for a trait during meiosis. One allele is on each haploid cell. |
| heterozygous | having two different alleles for the same trait (ex. blue eyes and brown eyes) |
| homozygous | having two identical alleles (ex. blue eyes and blue eyes) |
| phenotype | physical characteristic THAT YOU CAN SEE |
| geneotype | genetic makeup; what the allele letters show |
| probability | likelihood that something will happen |
| Punnett square | diagram what gene combinations might result from a genetic cross |
