| A | B |
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| sec2.2 What kind of information is a measurement? | Quantitative |
| sec2.2 Measurements represent what? | Quantities |
| sec2.2 Something that has a magnitude, a size, or an amount is what? | A Quantity...A quantity is NOT the same as a measurement. |
| sec2.2 What compares what is to be measured with a previously defined size? | Units of Measurements |
| sec2.2 Nearly every ( but certainly not all) measurement is a ______?_____ plus a _____?___ ? | Number plus a UNIT. The choice of the unit depends on the quantity being measured. |
| sec2.2 An agreement , adopted in 1960 by the General Conference on Weights and Measures, where scientist from all over the world decided on a single measurement system. | SI , or Le Systeme International d'Unites, or simply the System International (SI) |
| sec2.2 Although there are only ____?____ base units in the SI, most other untis utilized in science are _____?_____ from this set of BASE UNITS of the SI. | There are only SEVEN (7) base units of the SI, however, many many more units of science are DERIVED from the 7 base units through Unit Analysis (aka Dimensional Analysis) by using base units as part of conversion factors. |
| sec2.2 SI units are defined in terms of standards of _____?____ | Measurements.The standards of Measurements are objects or natural phenomena that are of CONSTANT value, easy to perserve and reproduce, and are practical in size. |
| sec2.2 Why do scientist NOT ( in general) use a comma in big numbers such as " Twelve Thousand and eighteen" ? | Comma is NOT used in science because in many countries a comma represents a DECIMAL and use of a comma could create great confusion. Rather, scientist simply use GROUPINGS and SPACING to logically indicate where a comma might otherwise have been place. The value "Twelve Thousand eighteen" therefore would NOT be written as 12,018 but rather as 12 018. |
| sec2.2 In the United States, the NIST plays the main role in maintaining standards and setting style conventions.What does the abbreviation of NIST stand for? | National Institute of Standards and Technology |
| sec2.2 Althpugh there are only ___?___ base units in SI, all other SI units can be derived from these fundamental units. | SEVEN(7)..There are SEVEN(7) Base SI UNITS, including Length(l) unit of METER(m) , Mass(m) unit of kilogram(Kg) , Time(t) unit of second(s) , Temperature (T) unit of kelvin(K) , Amount Of Substance (n) unit of mole(mol) , Electric Current ( I ) unit of ampere(A) , and Luminous Intensity ( Iv)( that is a CAPITAL I with a SUBSCRIPTED v) unit of candela (cd) .... |
| sec2.2 What is added to the names of SI Base Units and are used to represent( or indicate) quantities that are larger or smaller than the base units. | PREFIXES....Common PREFIXES indicating the SI UNIT being larger or smaller includes the tera (T 10^12) , giga (G 10^9) , mega(M 10^6) , kilo (k 10^3) , hecto (h 10^12) , deka (da 10^1) , deci (d 10^-1 ) , centi (c 10^-2) , milli (m 10^-3 ) , micro (u 10^-6) , nano (n 10^-9) , pico (p 10^12) , femto (f 10^15) , and atto (a 10^-18) |
| sec2.2 What is a measure of the quantity of matter? | MASS |
| sec2.2 _______?______ is determined by comparing the _____?_____ of an object with a set of standard _______?______ that are part of a balance. | Mass,Mass, Masses |
| sec2.2 A measure of the GRAVITIONAL PULL on matter is called what? | WEIGHT |
| sec2.2 Unlike ______(a)?_____ , ________(b)?_______ does NOT depend on gravity. Instead, ______(c)?______ is measured on instruments such as a balance whereas _____(d)?______ is typically measured on a spring scale. | (a) weight (b) mass (c) mass (d)weight |
| sec2.2 Taking _______?____ measurements involves reading the amount that an object pulls down on a spring. | WEIGHT |
| sec2.2 As the force of earth's gravity on an object INCREASES, the object's weight _________(increases or decreases?)______ while the object's mass does what? | The object's WEIGHT increases due to an increased pull of gravity BUT no matter what the gravitional pull, the object's MASS is always CONSTANT--never increases nor decreases.Mass does NOT take into account gravitional pull, whereas by definition WEIGHT is the measure of the Gravitional affect on a mass. |
| sec2.2 The SI standard unit for the quantity of length is what? | Meter (m) |
| sec2.2 The SI standard unit for the quantity of Mass is what? | kilogram (kg) |
| sec2.2 The SI standard unit for the quantity of Timel is what? | second (s) |
| sec2.2 The SI standard unit for the quantity of Temperature is what? | kelvin (K) |
| sec2.2 The SI standard unit for the quantity of AMOUNT of SUBSTANCE is what? | mole (mol) |
| sec2.2 The SI standard unit for the quantity of Electric Current is what? | ampere (A) |
| sec2.2 The SI standard unit for the quantity of LUMINOUS INTENSITY is what? | candela ( cd ) |
| sec2.2 The unit used to express highway distances in MOST countries of the world is what? | kilometer ( km )...That is a meter times 1000 (ie k=kilo- = 1000) ...1 km = 1000 m = 10^3 meters |
| sec2.2 The SI unit just slightly longer than one yard is? | meter |
| The derived/prefixed Unit that is about equivalent to the diameter of a paperclip wire is what? | millimeter (mm, which is 10^-6 meters ,or 1/1000 of a meter) |
| sec2.2 The derived/prefixed unit that is just a little more than the width of a paperclip is what? | centimeter(cm) ...One(1) meter = 100 cm, or 1 cm is 1/100th of a meter. |
| sec2.2 The unit that is about the mass of a paperclip is what? | gram....One gram is 1/1000th of a kilogram..recall that the kg unit is the standard SI Unit, not the gram. |
| sec2.2 What SI UNIT is about 2.2 pounds ------that is, about two(2) pounds plus a stick of butter? | kilogram (kg) ****Recall, that the kg is a standard SI UNIT for the quantity of MASS. |
| sec2.2 About how many milliliters are there in a teaspoon? | five(5) million...That is, there are approximately 5 000 000 milliliters in one teaspoon of measurement |
| sec2.2 Although the METER is the SI UNIT of the quantity length, what is often used to measure smaller ditances? | centimeter units are often used to measure smaller quantities, especially when using a meter is NOT practical. |
| sec2.2 Combinations of _____?_____ form derived units. | SI BASE UNITS....Combinations of SI BASE UNITS form DERIVED UNITS. |
| sec2.2 _________?_______ are produced by multiplying or dividing standard units. | Derived Units..By multiplying or Dividing standard units, DERIVD UNITS are created. |
| sec2.2 The quantity area(symbolized A) has a DERIVED UNIT of what? Recall the derivational of area is length times width if square or rectangular shaped. | Square Meter, m^2 , is the DERIVED UNIT for the quantity of AREA(A). |
| sec2.2 The Derived Unit of cubic meter (m^3) is representive of what quantity? | VOLUME is represented by the DERIVED UNIT of meter cubed (cubic meter)(m^3)..Recall that the volume of a square or rectangular box/cube is legth times width times height |
| sec2.2 This quantity has a derived unit of "kilograms per cubic meter" [ kg/(m^3)] and formula is simply mass divided by volume ( mass/volume).. | DENSITY is an objects Mass divided by the same objects Volume, where typically the derived units of DENSITY is kg for mass and cubic meter for volume . |
| sec2.2 The quantity of MOLAR MASS has what DERIVED UNIT and DERIVED UNIT ABBREVIATION? What is the derivational formula of MOLAR MASS? | "Kilograms per mole" abbreviated Kg/mol represents MOLAR MASS quantities.Molar Mass has a derivational formula of mass/ amount of substance |
| sec2.2 Cubic meters per mole, abbreviated m^3 / mol with a derivational formula of volume / amount of substance describes what quantity? | MOLAR VOLUME (Vm , that is capital V with subscripted m) has derived units of cubic meter (m^3) divided by mole(mol) and a derivational formula of volume over amount of substance. |
| sec2.2 The derived unit joule(J) is used for what quantity--the quantity of which has a derivational formula of force x length. | The quantity of ENERGY (E) has units of joule(J) and energy is the calculation of force times a distance |
| sec2.2 What is the name given to the combination of (kg / m) x s^2 ? | Pascal ( Pa) ...One(1) pa= 1 kg(s^2) /m^2 = 1kg/m^3 x s^2 |
| sec2.2 The amount of space occupied by an object, with a derived SI unit being cubic meter, m^3.... | Volume is the amount of space an object takes up, measured in cubic meters. |
| sec2.2 How many cubic centimeters are in one cubic meter? | one(1) million centermeters in one(1) meter..That is, 1m^3= 1 000 000 cm^3 = 10^6 cm^3 |
| sec2.2 Being the equivalent to one cubic decimeter or 1 000 cubic centimeters, this non-SI unit is what cemist generally use when measuring volumes of liquids or gases? | liter (L) ... One lite equal 1000 cubic centimeters equals 10 cubic decimeters = 1 000 milliletrs |
| sec2.2 The abbreviation of "cc" is representive of what and equivalent to what? | One "cc" is one CUBIC CENTERMETER or 1 cc= 1 cm^3, which is equal to one millileter(mL)..That is , 1cc= 1cm^3= 1 mL= 0.001 L....For smaller volumes of gases and liquids, it is NOT uncommon for chemist to use mL units instead of liter units. |
| sec2.2 The Ratio of Mass to Volume , or simply Mass divided by Volume is called what? | Density is the mass of an object divided by the volume that the object occupies, formula of Density being D = m/V where "m" is mass, "V" is volume and "D" is density.The DERIVED unit for density is kilograms per cubic meter or kg/m^3 so D= #kg/ #m^3 where the # symbol is a numerical value. |
| sec2.2 Sometimes the normally used derived units of kg per cubic meter for DENSITY is not practical, so often for laboratory uses you might see density expressed in units of ? | grams per milliliter, g/mL.... |
| sec2.2 For GASES, density is generally reported in what units? | Generally in laboratory uses, gases are reported expressed in units of kilograms per cubic meter ( kg/m^3) or in grams per liter ( g/L) |
| sec2.2 This property can be used as one tip towards indentifying a substance because it is a characteristic property of a substance, it does NOT depend on size of the sample ( so it is an INTENSIVE PROPERTY) because as the mass of a sample increases, its volume also increases proportionally and the ratio of mass to volume remains a constant.What is this property? | DENSITY |
| sec2.2 Because most objects will expand as temperature increases,thereby increasing in volume, what happens to DENSITY (generally--for MOST objects/substances in universe) as temperature is increased? | Generally DENSITY will DECREASE as temperature increases for MOST objects/substances because by definition density is the object's mass divided by the object's volume. |
| sec2.2 What would happen to a copper piece or water if either or both were placed inside a upright tube of mercury liquid? | Because liquid metal Mercury has a greater density than that of water and copper each, the water and copper each would appear to FLOAT at the top surface of the mercury . |
| sec2.2 What is a Ratio derived from the equality between two different units that can be used to convert from one unit to he other called? | a CONVERSION FACTOR |
| sec2.2 This is a mathematical technique that allows you to use units to solve problems involving measurements. | Dimensional Analysis aka Unit Analysis |
| sec2.2 What does "quantity given TIMES conversion factor" equal? | Quantity sought....That is , Quantity Sought= Quantity Given( conversion factor relating quantity sought with quantity given) |
| sec2.2 You can derive conversion factors IF you know what? | If you know the RELATIONSHIP between the unit you have and the unit you want you can derive a conversion factor enabling you to utilize Unit Analysis (aka Dimensional Analysis) to convert from one to the other. |
| sec2.2 Ancient Greeks believed that all matter was composed of their so-called "FOUR ELEMENTS" of the universe...What were thee "four elements" of the universe of which Greeks felt all other matter was derived from? | Earth, Wind,Fire, and Water or EWFW or FEWW ( fire Earth Wind and Water) |
| sec2.2 Aristoltle elaborated on earlier Greek (and others) ideas about elements.Aristotle argued that in addition to the four(4) elements of matter ( Fire Earth Wind and water, FEWW) , there were also four(4) basic properties too. What were these four(4) basic properties according to Aristotle? | Hot,Cold,Wet,and Dry (HCWD)..Aristotle believed that all matter had to have two of these properties, either HOT or Cold with either Wet or DRY.Aristotle believed that matter changed from one form to another or one type of matter to another type of matter by changing from its two given basic properties into a different set of two basic properties--such as from Hot and Wet to Cold and Dry,etc. |
