| A | B |
|---|
| culture shock | confusion and anxiety often experienced by newly arrived immigrants |
| melting pot | what many 19th century native-born Americans considered their country |
| Ellis Island | the place immigrants arriving on the East Coast would pass before gaining entry into the US |
| Angel Island | place immigrants arriving on the West Coast would pass before gaining entrance into the US |
| Gentlemen's Agreement | name of a restriction on emigration worked out between the US and another government |
| Ellis Island | place through which 19th century easter European immigrants were likely to pass before gaining entry into the US |
| urbanization | term that describes the movement of people into big cities |
| row house | an attached single-family dwelling with shared side walls |
| dumbell tenement | a long narrow, multi-storied building with an indentation on either side to allow for an air shaft |
| Social Gospel movement | early reform programs lauched in the belief that Christians had a social responisibility to be conscious of and help improve conditions for the poor |
| Jane Addams | founded Chicago's Hull House |
| Hull House | founded by Jane Addams |
| Political machines | organized like a pyramid, with precinct captains at the bottom and city bosses at the top |
| city boss | top of the political machine pyramid |
| bribery | paying someone for a favor, usually a political favor |
| graft | any type of unethical or illegal use of political influence for personal gain |
| unethical | maybe not illegal, but certainly not morally correct |
| kickback | type of illegal payment from political corruption |
| Tammany Hall | New York's powerful political machine |
| Boss Tweed | head of "Tammany Hall" |
| Thomas Nast | editorial cartoonist who helped bring down the Tweed Ring |
| Stalwarts | Rosco Conkling's supporters who strongly opposed civil-service reform |
| Pendleton Act | authorized the creation of an independent civil service commision |
| Settlement houses | founded by social reformers to help new immigrants and the poor adjust and fit in to American society |
| patronage | appointing a friend to a political position |
| the spoils system | system of patronage, giving government jobs to friends and political supporters -- regardless of their qualifications |
| Suffrage | the right to vote |
| Susan B. Anthony | leader in the women's suffrage movement |
| Sherman Antitrust Act | used by Teddy Roosevelt to file 44 antitrust suits |
| 1902 Coal Miner's Strike | settled by Teddy Roosevelt |
| NAACP | the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People |
| NAACP | started by a group of prominent African-American and white reformers |
| prominent | important, influential |
| reformers | people who want to change things |
| reform | change |
| Square Deal | this is what TR promised the common people they would receive |
| The Jungle | written by Upton Sinclair, it exposed the practices in meat packing plants, so upset TR that he appointed a commission verify its accuracy |
| TR | Theodore Roosevelt |
| verify | find out the truth of something |
| accuracy | truth |
| Pure Food and Drug Act | halted the sale of contaminated food and drugs and called for truth in labeling |
| conservation | principle that guided Roosevelt's efforts to organize water projects to transform dry, desert areas into agricultural land |
| Upton Sinclair | muckraking journalist who wrote "The Jungle" |
| Meat Inspection Act | put forth strict cleanliness requirements for meatpackers and created the program of federal meat inspection still used today |
| The Jungle | book that led to the passage of the Meat Inspection Act and the Pure Food and Drug Act |
| Bull Moose Party | TR's Party |
| Woodrow Wilson | nominated in the 1912 election by the Republican Party |
| Eugene V. Debs | labor and socialist leader |
| Nineteenth Amendment | gave women the right to vote |
| Robert M. La Follette | reform governor |
| Seventeenth Amendment | allowed for the popular, or direct, election of US senators |
| prohibition | era during which the sale, manufacture, and transportation of liquor was banned |
| Theodore Roosevelt | was "kicked upstairs" but then became a very popular president |
| Theodore Roosevelt | became president when McKinley was assassinated |
| Theodore Roosevelt | set aside 148 million acres of forest preserves |
| referendum | a vote on an initiative |
| progressivism | another name for the progressive movement |
| initiative | a bill initiated, or launched, by citizens |
| recall | when voters force public officials to face another election before the end of their terms |
| muckraker | term used to describe a journalist who exposed government abuses and big business corruption to the readers of newspapers and magazines |
| Woman's Christian Temperance Union | fought for the cause of prohibition by entering saloons and signing, praying, and asking saloonkeeper to stop selling alcohol |
| saloon | a bar |
