| A | B |
|---|
| relative pronoun | qui, quae, quod: the pronoun that replaces the noun being described in a clause that includes a conjugated verb. The relative pronoun agrees with the noun it describes in gender and number BUT NOT CASE. |
| relative clause | a mini-sentence that depends on the main part of the sentence. The relative clause describes a noun in the main sentence and consists of a relative pronoun and a conjugated verb. E.g., I know the girl WHO LIVES NEXT DOOR. |
| Indefinite adjective | an adjective that refers to an indefinite number or series of objects. Like an adjective, it agrees with that object in gender, number, and case. E.g., I have SOME books (-dam words) |
| Interrogative pronouns | Questions words that agree with the noun being asked about in the question. E.g., I see a girl (girl would be accusative): WHOM do you see (the question word would be accusative, too). Quis, quid. |
| Passive Voice | A sentence is characterized as passive when the subject is NOT doing the action, but is passively being acted on. E.g., The girl IS BEING WAVED TO (by someone else) |
| Passive Voice simple tenses | Simple tenses include present, imperfect, and future. To form the passive voice for these tenses, you use the regular tense indicators but with the endings -r, -ris, -tur, -mur, -mini, -ntur |
| Passive Voice complex tenses | The complex tenses include perfect, pluperfect, and future perfect. To form these tenses, you use the fourth principal part with a second word: a form of the verb 'esse' |
| Passive Voice infinitive | To form the passive voice of the infinitive, you remove the final -e and add an -i (unless it is 3rd conjugation, in which case you remove the final -ere and add an -i) |
| Demonstratives | Words that point out a specific thing. They agree in gender, number, and case with the word/s they point out: hic, haec, hoc; ipse, ipsa, ipsum |
| Ablative of agent | The noun that does the action in a passive sentence is expressed using the preposition 'ab' and the ablative case (if it is a person) |
| Ablative of means | When a noun expresses how something is done (he fought WITH A FIST, he wrote WITH A PEN), you simply put that noun into the ablative WITHOUT a preposition |
| Ablative of time | To express time WHEN, put the expression into the ablative WITHOUT a preposition |
| Accusative of time | When the expression of time gives DURATION, put the expression into the accusative case WITHOUT a preposition |
| Time: ago, before, after | To express time in these terms, use the words abhinc, ante, or post with the accusative object |
| To/from for cities, towns, small islands, domus, and rus | DO NOT use the preposition, simply put the noun in the accusative to express motion toward and ablative to express motion away from |
| Locative Case | This case is only used for cities, towns, small islands, domus, and rus and is a way of expressing when you are IN one of those places without the preposition |
| Kalends | The first day of the month. The later days of the previous month are expressed in relation to this day (a.d.: ante diem) |
| Nones | The third or fifth day of the month |
| Ides | The 13th or 15th day of the month |
| Positive Degree | Expresses the usual form of the adjective or adverb: happy, happily |
| Comparative Degree | Expresses adjectives and adverbs when comparing: happier, more happily |
| Superlative Degree | Expresses adjectives and adverbs when to the highest degree: happiest/very happy; most happily/very happily |
| Participle | A verbal adjective, a way to describe what someone is doing WITHOUT using a conjugated verb: the swimming girl, the closed window |
| Past Participle | The fourth principal part. Since it is an adjective, it agrees with the noun it describes in gender, number, and case, and uses the 1-2 declension adjective endings to do so: The open window = fenestra aperta |
| Present Participle | The infinitive stem + nt + 3rd declension ending: the opening window = fenestra aperiens |
| Participial Phrase | the part of the sentence that includes the participle and any other parts of speech that complete the idea. E.g., I see the girl SWIMMING IN THE POOL. |
| Deponent Verbs | Verbs that are passive in form and active in meaning. E.g., proficiscor, proficisci, profectus sum |
| Semi-deponent verbs | Verbs that are active in form and meaning in the simple tenses, but passive in form and active in meaning for the complex tenses. E.g., audeo, audere, ausus sum |
