| A | B |
|---|
| The Great Depression | The Wall Street Crash in 1929 triggered off an economic depression that lasted well into the 1930s |
| The Bolshevik Revolution | The successful communist revolution of Oct 1917 that overthrew the Provisional Government |
| War Communism | An economic programme to win the Russian Civil War by mobilizing the country's resources to aupport the Red Army |
| Isolationism | A deliberate policy to avoid interfering in other countries affairs and avoid commitments with them |
| Lebensraum | Living space - one of Hitler's main foreign policy goals to create more territory and resources for the Germans |
| Rome-Berlin Axis | An agreement signed in Oct 1936 between Germany and Italy |
| Anti-Comintern Pact | An agreement between Germany and Japan in Nov 1937 to unite to fight the spread of Communism |
| Operation Barbarossa | Germany's invasion of Russia on 22 Jun 1941 |
| The Great Patriotic War | The USSR's name for the war against the German invasion of 1941 |
| Treaty of Brest-Litovsk | A harsh peace settlement extracted by the Germans from the Russians in Mar 1918 |
| The Big Three | The main statesmen at the Paris Peace Conference representing USA, France and Britain |
| Diktat | Dictated peace - name given to the Treaty of Versailles by the Germans |
| Holocaust | The systematic campaign by the Nazis to wipe out all Jews in Europe - claimed 6,000,000 Jewish lives |
| Mein Kampf | "My Struggle" - autobiography of Adolf Hitler written while he was in prison |
| The Enabling Act | A law to get the Reichstag to give up its powers and allow Hitler to rule as a dictator |
| Night of the Long Knives | 30 Jun 1934 - Systematic murder of Ernst Rohm and other SA leaders by the Nazis |
| Appeasement | Policy adopted by Britain and France in the 1930s to give way to Germany to avoid war |
| Luftwaffe | German Air Force |
| Rome-Tokyo-Berlin Axis | Another name for the Anti-Comintern Pact after Italy joined it in Nov 1937 |
| Anschluss | Germany's union with German-speaking Austria |
| Blitzkrieg | The German concept of "lightning war" |
| Battle of Britain | The series of air attacks on Britain by the Luftwaffe beginning in Jul 1940 |
| The Cold War | The term used to describe the hostile relationship between the West (USA and its allies) and the East (USSR and its allies) at the end of WWII until the 1980s |
| Nuremberg Laws | Laws passed in Sep 1935 in Germany to deprive Jews of citizenship and to prevent cross marriages |
| Crystal Night | Also known as Night of the Broken Glass - thousands of Jewish shop windows were smashed and synagogues burnt on the night of 9-10 Nov 1938 |
| Kokutai | "The Great Way" - a common set of beliefs shared by Japanese which made them very nationalistic |
| Diet | The Japanese Parliament |
| The Mukden Incident | 18 Sep 1931 - a train was blown up on the South Manchurian Railway near Mukden |
| Marco Polo Bridge Incident | 7 Jul 1937 - an incident between Japanese and Chinese troops which led to the Japanese invasion of China in Jul 1937 |
| Twenty-One Demands | Japanese demands imposed on China in 1915 to strengthen its position by taking advantage of China's weakness then |
| Duma | Parliament set up by Tsar Nicholas in 1905 following protests and demonstrations |
| Social Democrats | Revolutionaries, supported by town workers, who were prepared to use violence to change Russia society |
| Social Revolutionaries | Revolutionaries, supported by peasants, who were prepared to use violence to change Russia society |
| Liberals | Aristocrats and middle class people who wanted the tsar to share power |
| Soviets | Committees of workers, soldiers and revolutionaries that appeared in Russian cities after the Feb 1917 Revolution |
