| A | B |
|---|
| heat | the transfer of thermal energy from one object to another |
| temperature | the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance; a measure of how hot or cold |
| absolute zero | a temperature of 0K |
| thermal expansion | an increase in the volume of a material due to temperature increase |
| specific heat | amount of heat needed to raise the temperatureof one gram of a material by one degree Celsius |
| calorimeter | an instrument used to measure changes in thermal energy |
| conduction | the transfer of thermal energy with no overall transfer of matter |
| thermal conductor | a material that conducts thermal energy well |
| thermal insulator | a material that conducts thermal energy poorly |
| convection | the transfer of thermal energy when particles of a fluid move from one place to another |
| radiation | transfer of energy by waves moving through space |
| convection current | fluid circulates in a loop as it alternatly heats up and cools down |
| thermodynamics | study of conversions between thermal energy and other forms of energy |
| first law of thermodynamics | states that energy is conserved |
| second law of thermodynamics | states that thermal energy can flow from colder objects to hotter objects only if work is done on the system |
| thord law of thermodynamics | states that absolute zero cannot be reached |
| heat engine | any device that converts heat into work |
| waste heat | thermal energy that is not converted into work |
| external combustion engine | an engine that burns fuel outside the engine |
| internal combustion engine | heat engine that burns the fuel inside the engine |
| central heating system | heats many rooms from one central location |
| heat pump | device that reverses the normal flow of thermal heating |
| refrigerant | fluid that vaporizes adn condenses inside the tubing of a heat pump |
| steam heating | used to heat water that circulates to each radiator in the house |
| forced-air heating | use fans to circulate warn air through ducts to the rooms of a building |
