| A | B |
|---|
| classical | referring to the civilizations of ancient Greece and Rome |
| city-state | independent political unit that includes a city and the surrounding area |
| democracy | form of limited government in which power rests with the people, and all citizens share in running the government |
| republic | government in which people choose their leaders |
| emperor | all-powerful ruler |
| pope | head of the Roman Catholic Church |
| feudalism | political and social system in which kings gave land to nobles in exchange for the nobles' promise to serve them; those nobles provided military service as knights for the king |
| nation-state | country formed of people who share a common culture and history |
| revolution | sweeping change |
| Holocaust | mass killing of 6 million European Jews by Germany's Nazi leaders during World War II |
| communism | system of government in which the government controls the ways of producing goods |
| ethnic group | people with a common language, history, religion, and some physical traits |
| welfare state | country where the government is the main provider of support for the sick, needy, and the retired |
| fertility rate | average number of children born to each woman |
| urbanization | growth of cities |
| secular | nonreligious |
