| A | B |
|---|
| compression | stress force that causes reverse faults |
| shearing | stress force that causes strike slip faults |
| tension | stress force that causes normal faults |
| hanging wall | block of rock that lies above the fault line |
| foot wall | block of rock that lies below the fault line |
| stress | force that causes change in volume or shape of rock |
| normal fault | when the hanging wall drops down relative to the footwall |
| reverse fault | when the hanging wall pushes up over the footwall |
| plateau | large area of land elevated high above sea level |
| earthquake | shaking that results from sudden movement along a fault |
| focus | the area deep within the earth where an earthquake originates |
| epicenter | the area on the earth's surface above the focus |
| P Wave | Primary waves |
| S Wave | Secondary waves |
| Surface Wave | Seismic wave traveling across the surface of the earth, causing the most damage |
| Mercalli Scale | E/Q measuring scale that is based on what people feel and how much damage is done |
| Richter Scale | Measures seismic waves for relatively small, nearby E/Qs |
| Moment Magnitude Scale | Rates the total energy given off by any kind of E/Q |
| seismograph | Records seismic waves |
| friction | the force that opposes the motion of one surface as it moves across another |
| liquefaction | when and E/Q's violent shaking turns soft, loose soil into liquid mud |
| aftershock | E/Q that occurs along the fault after the original quake occurs |
| tsunami | A wave in the open ocean caused when water is displaced by an E/Q |
| base-isolated building | Designed to reduce the amount of energy that reaches a building during an E/Q |
