| A | B |
|---|
| hardware | physical equipment of a computer |
| peripheral | each separate part that can be added to a computer |
| software | programs that run on a computer |
| boot | to start up a computer |
| ASCII | allows computers to exchange files |
| American Standard Code for Information Interchange | ASCII |
| binary | number system based on 0's and 1's |
| bit | has a value 0 or 1, smallest unit of information a computer can hold |
| BInary digiT | bit |
| byte | 8 bits, one character |
| soft copy | output that is seen or heard |
| hard copy | output that is printed |
| impact printer | characters are formed by the print head striking the paper |
| nonimpact printer | printer that produces images through mechanical or electronic action |
| analog | data in continuously variable physical quantities |
| digital | data that is either off(0) or (1)on |
| magnetic storage | data is read and written by aligning magnetic particles |
| optical storage | data is read and written by using laser beams |
| WORM | type of optical storage, used for high volume back-up storage |
| write once, read many | WORM |
| monitor, speaker | soft copy |
| ROM | permanent, built-in instructions are stored here |
| 1000 bytes | kilobyte |
| 1,000,000 bytes | megabyte |
| 1,000,000,000 | gigabyte |
| 1,000,000,000,000 | terabyte |
| RAM | temporary memory, lost when computer is turned off |
| CPU | part of computer responsible for processing all data |
| four functions of a computer | input, processing, output, storage |
| hard copy | printout |
| arrow keys | keys that move up, down, left, right |
| CPU | central processing unit |
| systems software | runs the internal workings of the computer and formats disks |
| primary or temporary storage | RAM |
| applications software | software designed for specific tasks |
| programming language software | type of software used to write applications software |
| input | process of entering information into a computer |
| examples of input devices | keyboard, mouse, scanner, microphone |
| processing | manipulation of data into useful information |
| two main parts of the CPU | ALU and Control Unit |
| ALU | Arithmetic Logic Unit, performs calculations |
| control unit | controls the flow of data and all other computer components |
| output | information produced by a computer that you can see or hear or is printed |
| storage | placing of information in or on a storage device |
| chip | single integrated circuit made of silicon |
