| A | B |
|---|
| alleles | contrasting forms of a gene |
| zygote | fertilized egg |
| gamete | sex cell |
| haploid | # of chromosomes in gamete |
| diploid | # of chromosomes in somatic cell |
| homologous chromosomes | chromosomes that have genes on them for same traits |
| autosomes | chromosomes other than sex chromosomes |
| X and Y | male sex chromosomes |
| X and X | female sex chromosomes |
| meiosis | diploid cell making 4 haploid gametes |
| karyotype | picture of individual chromosomes |
| trisomy 21 | Down syndrome |
| Turners syndrome | monosomy |
| Klinefelters syndrome | XXY |
| mitosis | diploid cell making 2 diploid cells |
| locus | location of gene on chromosome |
| meiosis begins in female | as embryo |
| meiosis begins in male | at puberty |
| where sperm are made in plant | stamen |
| where eggs are made in plants | pistil |
| sperm are made here in animals | testes |
| eggs are made here in animals | ovaries |
| # of functional eggs made from parent cell | one |
| # of functional sperm made from parent cell | 4 |
| 3 female daugher cells that die | polar bodies |
| mitosis occurs in this type of cell | somatic cell |
| nondisjunction | causes monosomy or trisomy |
| stage of meiosis when crossing over occurs | prophase 1 |
| XXY | Klinefelters syndrome |
| crossing over | exchanging portions of chromatids |
| independent assortment | random pairing of homologous chromosomes |
| number of different gametes that can be made when diploid # of chromosomes is 10 | 32 |
| number of different gametes that can be formed when haploid number of chromosomes is 3 | 8 |
| n | symbol used for haploid |
| 2n | symbol used for diploid |
| gametes formed by this process | meiosis |
| mitosis | zygote divides into two cells by this process |
| number of chromosomes in normal human karyotype | 46 |
| failure of chromosomes to separate properly during meiois | nondisjunction |
| normal # of human autosomes | 44 |
| stages of fruit fly development | egg, larva, pupa, adult |
| genome | all genetic information of a species |
| in fruit fly development, this stage follows larva | pupa |
| number of days for life cycle of fruit fly | 10-12 |
| phenotype | how a trait appears in an offspring |
| genotype | the alleles an individual has for a trait |
