| A | B |
|---|
| silt | bits of black soil, sand and clay, deposited on the fields when the Nile River flooded |
| delta | a triangle shaped marshy area at the mouth of a river |
| inundation | flooding |
| Nile River Valley | a ribbon of fertile land alongside the Nile River |
| Upper Egypt | located in the south |
| Lower Egypt | located in the north |
| pharaoh | Egypt's supreme ruler |
| pyramid | tomb of a pharaoh |
| Menes | king of Upper Egypt who in 3100 BCE united Upper and Lower Egypt and established Memphis as the capital |
| Khufu | pharaoh who built the Great Pyramid at Giza, declared himself a god, helped establish the role of the pharaoh as a central authority |
| Hatshepsut | first female pharaoh; she encouraged trade with other countries, thereby increasing the wealth of Egypt |
| Tutankhamen | known as the "Boy King," restored polytheism to Egypt; his tomb was discovered by Howard Carter and had not been robbed |
| Valley of the Kings | burial place for pharaohs and other rulers - cut into cliffs - located on the Nile across from Thebes |
| hieroglyphics | ancient Egyptian writing |
| papyrus | paper made from reeds that was used for writing and keep records |
| scribe | a person whose job was writing down or copying letters, contracts and other documents |
| Rosetta Stone | discovered in Egypt, had carvings in three languages and enabled scholars to learn the meaning of hieroglyphics |
| Amun-Ra | sun god; god of creation |
| Osiris | god of the dead and rebirth; god of farming |
| Isis | Osiris' wife; goddess of magic and life |
| Set | Osiris' evil brother; god of war, deserts and storms |
| Horus | son of Osiris and Isis; god of living (hawk) |
| Economy | the use of resources and people to produce goods. Egypt's was based on farming and trade |
| Irrigation | the watering of dry land by streams and canals and other manmade structures |
| Empire | A group of people and and lands under one government |
| Civilization | A society that has developed a high level of culture and has built large cities |
| slave | The lowest class of Egyptian society, often slaves were criminals and captured enemy soldiers |
| social pyramid | The visual represenation of the social classes of ancient Egypt |
| Government officials | This social class included: Vizier (advised the Pharaoh), Chief Treasurer (collected taxes, attended to the $), and the General of the Armies (2nd in command behind the Pharaoh) |
| Priests | Three types, High, temple and other...religious leaders of Egypt |
| Scribes | educated class, wrote things down, had social mobility |
| Artisans | Skilled laborers, not allowed to sign their work |
| Peasants | Lowest on the pyramid, provided the food |
| Seasons | The Flooding season (inundation), the Planting season, the Harvesting season |
| Creation Myth | Amun-Ra is the god of creation acording to this mythological story |
| Thoth | God of wisdom, scribe of the gods |
| Ma'at | Goddess of truth justice |
| Anubis | God of embalming and funerals |
| Mummification | The process used to preserve a dead body for the afterlife |
| Howard Carter | Archeologist who found King Tut's tomb |
| King Tutankamun | This pharaoh's tomb is the only undisturbed tomb ever found |
