| A | B |
|---|
| Prince Henry the Navigator | He established a Portuguese school of navigation |
| New France | This New World empire was centered around the St. Lawrence River |
| Mercantilism | An economic and political policy for owning colonies |
| John White | Governor of the failed Roanoke Island Colony |
| Joint stock companies | Method of founding colonies based on a group of investors |
| Jamestown, Va | First permanent English settlement in the New World |
| headright system | The granting of land in return for sponsoring new settlers to the Virginia colony |
| House of Burgesses | The first elected legislative body in the New World |
| Plymouth | The colony established by the Piligrims in 1620 |
| Mayflower Compact | Document that established a civil government based on majority rule |
| Puritans | The purpose for their colony was to be a "city upon a hill" in its attempt to create a utopian Bible community |
| theocracy | Type of government lead by religious leaders |
| Rhode Island | This colony is identified with religious freedom and separation of church and state |
| Roger Williams | He established the colony of Rhode Island |
| Anne Hutchinson | She was banished from Mass. Bay and settled in RI to practice religious freedom |
| Fundamental Orders of Connecticut | Earliest constitution in the New World |
| New York | In 1664 the English took this colony from the Dutch and renamed it |
| Quakers | Religious group that practiced equality and pacifism |
| Pennsylvania | Established as a haven for the Society of Friends |
| Maryland | Established as a haven for Catholics |
| The Toleration Act of Maryland | First law to prohibit religious persecution |
| Georgia | Colony established as a haven for debtors |
| Southern colonies | This region's economy was based on staple crops and slave labor |
| Northern colonies | This regions economy was based on commerce, trade, shipbuilding |
| Puritans | This religious group established the first colonial college and public schools |
| Pequots | These Indians were defeated by the Puritans in 1637 |
| Navigation Acts | Early mercantile laws to regulate colonial trade |
| Edmond Andros | He was the hated royal governor of the Dominion of New England |
| Stono Rebellion | 1739 slave uprising in South Carolina |
| salutary neglect | The British failed to enforce their mercantile laws and the colonies prospered |
| Enlightenment | European philosophical movement that stressed the use of reason to understand nature |
| John Locke | Enlightenment philosopher who wrote Two Treatises on Govt. that argued govt is created by man to protect 3 natural rights |
| The Great Awakening | A 1740's religious revival that influenced a challenge to church authority |
| Jonathan Edwards | He was a minister during the Great Awakening |
| John Peter Zenger | He is identified with the principle of freedom of the press |
| Benjamin Franklin | Most enlightened colonial American |
| French and Indian War | As a result of this war the British took the French New World empire |
| Stamp Act | 1765 tax that caused the colonials to organize a protest |
| boycott/nonimportation agreements | The most effective colonial weapon against British taxation |
| Pontiac's Rebellion | Indian uprising in the Ohio River Valley against colonial settlers |
| Boston Massacre | The colonials used this event as a source of propaganda to unite the colonists against the British |
| Boston Tea Party | The Coercive Acts were punishment for this event |
| Lexington and Concord | First shots of the American Revolution |
| 2nd Continential Congress | This group issued the Declaration of Independence and served as the governing body for the rebelling colonies |
| Olive Branch Petition | Colonial plea for King George to address their grievences after shooting occurred |
| Loyalists/Tories | Colonials who supported Britain during the American Revolution. |
| Whigs/Patriots | Colonials who rebelled against royal authority |
| Thomas Paine | Author of Common Sense |
| Battle of Saratoga | American victory that resulted in a treaty of alliance with the French |
| Battle of Yorktown | General Cornwallis surrendered here and this became the last battle of the Revolution |
| Articles of Confederation | Decentralized government plan 1781-1788 |
| No power to collect taxes or regulate interstate trade | Two most important weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation |
| the British | This European nation refused to leave American western territory |
| the Spanish | This European nation refused the US the use of the Port City of New Orleans |
| Northwest Ordinance of 1787 | Law to establish government for the American western territories |
| Shays Rebellion | 1786 farmers uprising in Massachusetts over taxes |
| Annapolis Convention | 1786 meeting to attempt amending the Articles on trade |
| Bacon's Rebellion | 1676 backcountry uprising against Virginia aristocracy |
| Philadelphia Convention | 1787 meeting that created a 2nd plan of government for the American nation |
| AntiFederalists | They favored a weak national government and opposed ratification of the Constitution |
| adding a Bill of Rights | The compromised reached to gain ratification of the Consitution |
| Townshend Act | Placed a tax on tea, glass, lead, and paint |
| Patrick Henry | AntiFederalist who believed the states must guard personal liberties |
| Sam Adams | He organized the Sons of Liberty |
| Treaty of Tordesillas | The Pope created the line of demarcation between Spain and Portugal |
| Leisler's Rebellion | Failed uprising against Andros and the Dominion of New England |
| Albany Plan | Ben Franklin's suggestion for colonial defensive cooperation against the French enemy |
