| A | B |
|---|
| Italy | Where the Renaissance began |
| Medicis | Florentine banking family that were patrons of the arts and sciences |
| Use of reason | Greek influenced thought process that created friction with the Church |
| Individualism | This Renaissance characteristic stressed full development of one's capabilities and talents |
| Humanism | Renaissance characteristic that glorifies the individual or man instead of only God |
| education | Humanism stressed the use of this to improve human life and society |
| grammar, rhetoric, poetry, history, politics, and moral philosophy | A humanist education should consist of this subjects |
| Humanists | These Renaissance scholars emphasized that man can understand and control nature |
| Secularism | This Renaissance characteristic stressed separating society and govt. from church control |
| Francesco Petrarch | The father of humanism because he was a "man of letters" |
| Leonardo Bruni | He is identified with promotion of a humanities education |
| Niccolo Machiavelli | Author of The Prince (1513) |
| Machiavelli | He is called the first modern political thinker. He maintained that political action cannot be restricted by moral considerations. |
| proportion and perspective | Renaissance art incorporated the two new aspects to better mirror reality |
| portrait painting | A new Renaissance art genre |
| Leonardo da Vinci | His most famous works are The Mona Lisa and The Last Supper |
| Michelangelo Buonarroti | Sculpter and painter who most famous works are David, La Pieta, and the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel |
| Raphael | Renaissance artist who most famous works include The School of Athens, madonna/w child, and cherubs |
| Northern Humanists | They differed from Italian humanists in their emphasis on Christian themes and social reform |
| Disiderius Erasmus | Dutch Christian humanist scholar who encouraged religious toleration and reform of the Church. He "laid the egg" that Luther hatched. Also wrote In Praise of Folly. |
| Sir Thomas More | Author of Utopia (1516) |
| Utopia (1513) | This writing earliest promote a communist society and reform of social institutions. |
| William Shakespeare | English playwrite who used Renaissance values of honor, heroism, and the struggle against fate |
| Michel de Montaigne | French humanist who developed the new literary genre "the essay" meaning to test or try one thoughts |
| Gutenberg's printing press | Invention that spread Renaissance humanist ideas |
| nation state building/centralizing power | The main Renaissance political characteristic |
| Charles VII (r 1422-1461) | Following the Hundred Years War (1453) what king began the nationalizing process in France? |
| Concordat of Bologna (1516) | What Concordat granted the French Kings the right to appoint French Church officials? |
| Tudors | What English family took the English throne following the War of the Roses and nationalized England? |
| Henry VIII of England (1535) | What English King split from the Church of Rome and became the head of the English Church? |
| Ferdinand and Isabella | What Spanish monarchs unified their country by driving the Moors out in 1492? |
| Charles V of Spain (r 1519-1556) | Which king had the largest empire since the days of Charlemagne? |
| Philip II of Spain (r 1556-1598) | What king used the New World gold to pursue religous wars against heretic nations? |
| Prince Henry of Portugal | He established a school for navigators and gave his nation the lead in exploration |
| sail around Africa | The Portugese choose this route to reach the Orient |
| Portugal | This nation introduced African slave trade into Europe |
| Bartholomew Diaz (1487) | He rounded the Cape of Good Hope first |
| Vasco da Gama (1499 | Earliest to reach India by sailing around Africa |
| Ferdinand Magellan (1522) | First to circumnavigate the globe |
| Hernado Cortez (1519) | He conquered the Aztec |
| Bartolome de Las Casas | He was a missionary to the New World and a critic of the Spanish mistreatment of the natives |
| Spain | This nation first introduced African slavery into the New World |
| New World gold | The introduction of this into the European economy causes a price revolution |
| Spain | This nation will have the first and largest New World empire |
| de Medicis | Who was the wealthy merchant family that ruled Florence, Italy? |
| Ludovico il Moro | He appealed to the French for help against his enemies and this lead to France contolling Florence (1494). |
| Venice | Which Italian city state was an exception to despotic rule? It was ruled by a merchant oligarchy, senate and judicial council. |
| Baldassare Castiglione | His Book of the Courtier influenced the concept of Renaissance court life and conduct |
| Amerigo Vespucci | Mapmaker and explorer who first labeled a new world on his maps |
| Prince Henry of Portugal | Ran a school for navigators and sent first ships around Africa for Asia |
