| A | B |
|---|
| acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) | a disease often transmitted sexually, that gradually destroys the body's immune system |
| anorexia nervosa | a psychological condition in which a person refuses to eat adequate food and steadily loses weight |
| bulimia nervosa | a condition in which a person alternates between self-starvation and excessive eating |
| drive | an internal drive of unrest or irritation that energizes one behavior after another until one of them removes the irritation |
| estrogen | a hormone present in higher quantities in females than in males |
| extrinsic motivation | a motivation based on the rewards and punishments than an act may bring |
| gender identity | the sex that a person regards himself or herself as being |
| glucagon | a hormone that the pancreas releases to convert stored energy supplies back into blood glucose |
| glucose | the most abundant sugar in the blood |
| homeostasis | the maintenance of biological conditions at an optimum level within an organism |
| human-relations approach | (Theory Y) the view that employees like to take responsibility for their work, to enjoy some variety in their jobs, and to feel a sense of accomplishment |
| incentive | an external stimulus that prompts an action to obtain the stimulus |
| insulin | a hormone that the pancreas releases to increase the entry of glucose and other nutrients into the cells |
| intersexes | people with external sexual anatomy that appears intermediate between male and female |
| intrinsic motivation | a motivation to engage in an act for its own sake |
| lateral hypothalamus | an area of the brain that contributes to the control of hunger |
| leptin | a hormone released by fat cells; among other effects, it signals the brain to decrease meal size |
| motivation | the process that determines the reinforcement value of an outcome |
| obesity | the excessive accumulation of body fat |
| overjustification effect | the tendency of people who are given more extrinsic motivation than necessary to perform a task to experience a decline in their intrinsic motivation |
| paraventricular hypothalamus | an area of the brain in which damage leads to weight gain via an increase in the size of meals |
| scientific-management approach | (Theory X) the view that most employees are lazy, indfferent and uncreative, so jobs should be mad simple and foolproof |
| set point | a level of some variable (e.g. weight) that the body works to maintain |
| sexual orientation | a person's tendency to react sexually toward either males or females |
| testosteron | a hormone present in higher quantities in males than in females |
| transactional leader | one who tries to make the organization more efficient at doing what it is already doing by providing rewards for effective work |
| transformational leader | one who articulates a vision of the future, intellectually stimulates subordinates, and motivates them to use their imagination to raise the organization to a new level |
| ventromedial hypothalamus | an area of the brain in which damage leads to weight gain via an increase in the frequency of meals |
