| A | B |
|---|
| alarm | the first stage of response to stress, a brief period of high arousal of the sympathetic nervous system, readying the body for vigorous activity |
| anger management training | techniques for decreasing or restraining displays of anger |
| anxiety | an increase in the startle reflex |
| autonomic nervous system | a section of the nervous system that controls the functioning of the internal organs, such as the heart |
| contempt | a reaction to a violation of community standards |
| disgust | a reaction to something that would make you feel contaminated if it got into your mouth |
| Duchenne smile | a spontaneous expression that includes movement of both the mouth muscles and certain muscles near the eyes |
| embarrassment | the emotional reaction to mistakes, being the center of attention, or "sticky situations" |
| emotion-based coping | (blunting) methods in which people try to weaken their emotional reactions |
| emotional intelligence | the ability to perceive, imgaine, and understand emotions and to use that information in decision making |
| exhaustion | the 3rd stage of response to stress, when the body's prolonged response to stress decreases the synthesis of proteins, including the proteins necessary for activity of the immune system |
| frustration-aggression hypothesis | the theory that frustration leads to aggressive behavior |
| guilty-knowledge test | a test that uses the polygraph to measure whether a person has information the should be known only by someone guilty of a certain crime or someone who talked with the guilty person |
| health psychology | a field of psychology concerned with how people's behavior can enhance health and prevent illness and how behavior contributes to recovery from illness |
| inoculation | protection against the harmful effects of stress by earlier exposure to smaller amounts of it |
| James-Lange theory | the theory that emotion is merely our perception of autonomic changes and movements evoked directly by various stimuli |
| microexpressions | very brief, involuntary expressions of fear, anger, or other emotions |
| parasympathetic nervous system | a system of neurons located in the medulla and the botton of the spinal cord; these neurons send messages to the internal organs to prepare the body for digestion and related processes |
| polygraph | a machine that simultaneously measures heart rate, breathing rate, blood pressure, and electrical conduction of the skin |
| positive psychology | the study of the features that enrich life, such as hope, creativity, courage, spirituality, and responsibility |
| posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) | a condition in which people who have endured extreme stress feel prolonged anxiety and depression |
| problem-based coping | (monitering) methods in which people attend carefully to the stressful event and try to take effective actions |
| psychosomatic illness | an illness that is influenced by a person's experiences - particularly stressful experiences - and by his or her reactions to those experiences |
| pure autonomic failure | an uncommon condition with unknown cause in which th eautonomic nervous system stops regulating the organs |
| rape | sexual activity without the consent of the partner |
| resistance | the second stage of response to stress; a stage of prolonged but moderate arousal |
| Schachter and Singer's theory of emotions | the theory that the intensity of sympathetic arousal determines the intensity of an emotion but that cognitive factors determine that type of emotion |
| stress | according to Selye, the nonspecific response of the body to any demands made upon it; according to Lazarus, a situation that someone regards as threatening and as possibly exceeding his or her resources |
| subjective well-being | a self-evaluation of one's life as pleasant, interesting and satisfying |
| sympathetic nervous system | a system composed of two chains of neural clusters lying just to the left and right of the spinal cord; these neurons send messages to the internal organs to prepare them for a burst of vigorous activity |
| Type A personality | a personality characterized by constant competitiveness, impatience, anger, and hostility |
| Type B personality | a personality characterized by an easygoing attitude, with little hurry or hostility |
