| A | B |
|---|
| emperor | Political ruler of a country of nation. Similar to a king. |
| empire | 1. A collection of nations or peoples ruled by a single authority, usually a monarch, but can be other systems of government as well. 2. A very large and powerful industrial organization |
| engineer | A person who plans and creates mechanic structures for a variety of uses. |
| enlightened despots | A monarch who retains absolute control of their country while also enacting reform based on Enlightenment ideas. |
| Enlightenment | A movement in the 18th century that stressed the importance of reason and science in philosophy and the study of human society. Occurred in Western Europe. |
| Eratosthenes | (276?-196? BCE), Greek mathematician, astronomer, and geographer who measured the circumference of the Earth. His measurement was only off by 15%. |
| Euclid | (circa 300 BCE), Greek mathematician. Considered to be the father of modern geomertry. |
| executive | Relating to a system that enforces laws. |
| export | The sending of goods to another country for sale or trade. |
| Five Pillars of Islam | Code of behavior for followers of Islam. Includes Charity, Daily Prayer, Profession of Faith, Fasting during Ramadan, and a pilgrimage to Mecca called the hajj. |
| Galilei, Galileo | (1564-1642) Italian astronomer. One of the founders of Europe's scientific revolution, one of his main contributions is the application of the telescope to astronomy. He was able to prove Copernicus’ heliocentric model correct. |
| general will | Name Enlightenment thinker Jean Jacques Rousseau uses to describe majority rule. |
| gentry | Members of the upper class in some social class systems. |
| geocentric model | Theory of the universe that states the earth is the center, and that the sun revolves around it |
| golden age | A time in a culture of high achievement in arts, literature, and science. Generally occurs in times of peace. |
| government | a person or body of people who have the power to make and enforce laws for a country or area. |
| Greek column | Fluted column used in many of their buildings, and copied throughout the world today. |
| gunpowder | Chemical compound that burns very quickly. Used in weaponry. |
| Gupta Dynasty | (320-550 C.E.)Ruling family in India during its golden age. Responsible for many achievements. |
| Gutenberg, Johannes | (1400?-1468) German printer and European pioneer in the use of movable type. |
