| A | B |
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| Haiku | A 3 line poem that has 17 syllables in the Japanese language, and expresses a single thought, feeling or idea. |
| heliocentric model | Theory of the universe that states the sun is the center, and that the earth revolves around it. |
| Hellenistic | Time period from the late 4th century BCE to the 1st century CE that was characterized by Greek achievement and a blending of Persian, Egyptian, Greek, and Indian cultures due to the empire of Alexander the Great. |
| hieroglyphics | A system of writing which uses pictures for concepts and ideas. |
| Hippocrates | (460?-377? BCE) Greek physician. He is considered to be the father of medicine and the ethical standard of treating all patients known as the Hippocratic Oath. |
| Hippocratic Oath | An promise made new physicians to treat all people fairly, and to seek to preserve life. Named after a ancient Greek physician who is credited with writing it. |
| Hobbes, Thomas | (1588-1679) English philosopher and political theorist. Wrote Leviathan, where he favored an absolute government as the only means of balancing human interests and desires with their rights of life and property. |
| human rights | The rights that are considered by most societies to belong automatically to all people, including the rights to justice, freedom, and equality. |
| humanism | A philosophical movement during the Renaissance that stressed life on Earth, and the quality of being human. Rejected living only for the afterlife of Christianity. |
| Ibn Sina | Islamic physician, wrote a book called Canon on Medicine, which was an encyclopedia of Greek, Arabic, and his own knowledge of medicine. This book became the standard medical text in Europe for over five hundred years. |
| idealized realism | Art form practiced by the Greeks during the 5th century BCE. Portrays the human form very realistically, but in its perfect form. |
| ideographs | Writing system that uses pictures of ideas. |
| Inca | A Mesoamerican civilization of South America, centered in Peru. The Inca ruled a large empire and had many cultural and scientific achievements including an elaborate road system, architecture, and terrace farming. The arrival of the Spanish Conquistadores ended their empire in the 15th century. |
| individualism | A social philosophy which stresses the importance of the individual above society. |
| irrigation | A system to bring water to support crops. |
| Islam | The word Islam, which when translated from Arabic, means "to submit to the will of Allah," is the youngest of the world's major religions. Worshippers of this monotheistic religion are known as Muslims, which means "one who submits to the will of Allah." The Islamic holy book is called the Qur’an. Islam is currently the second most practiced religion in the world, and experts predict that it will overtake Christianity as the most popular religion in the world sometime during the 21st century. |
| Joseph II | The son of Maria Teresa and a enlightened despot who ruled over the Austrian Empire. |
| udicial | Relating to a system that administers justice. |
| Kabuki theatre | Feudal Japanese theatre that performed comedic or melodramatic presentations of everyday life or historic events. |
| Kana | Japanese writing system adapted from Chinese, with the addition of phonetic symbols representing syllables. |
