| A | B |
|---|
| – electronic device that can store and process data. | Computer |
| physical parts of the computer. | Hardware |
| instructions given to the computer that make it work. | Software |
| Hardware, three major categories: | 1) Input-output devices 2) The central processing unit 3)And memory |
| allow the computer to receive and send data | Input-out devices |
| Examples of input-out devices | modem, disk drive. |
| devices that can only be used to get information. | Input devices |
| Examples of input devices | keyboards, mice, and touch screens. |
| devices that can only be used to display information. | Output devices |
| Examples of output devices | monitor, speakers |
| the brain of the computer. All the work is done here. | Central processing unit (CPU) |
| Cpu’s two main components | ALU (arithmetic and logic unit) and Control Unit. |
| What does the ALU do? | It performs the calculations (arithmetic) and makes the decisions (logic). |
| What does the control unit do? | It holds the instruction the computer is currently executing and the address (place in memory) where the next instruction is stored. It also directs the operations of all the other parts of the computer. |
| _____ is any hardware that can store data. | Memory |
| memory that computer can access directly. | Primary memory |
| Examples of primary memory | memory chips |
| Does not need input-out device to access primary memory | Primary memory |
| memory not directly connected to the computer. | Secondary memory |
| To access secondary memory, the computer must use an ________ device. | input-output device |
| Examples of secondary memory | magnetic tape, floppy disk, and a hard disk. |
| It is very important to make the distinction between a secondary memory device (such as a hard disk) and the input-out device that connects it to the computer (such as a hard disk drive) | ___ |
| Smallest unit of computer memory is called | a bit |
| Bit (Acronym) | Single Binary Digit |
| Bit can have 2 states... | on or off. |
| The digits ______ represent these states. | 1 and 0 |
| Byte is a group of | 8 bits. |
| ____ different ways that 1’s and 0’s are stored | 256 |
| half of a byte, 4 bits. | Nibble |
| Kilobyte | 1024 bytes |
| Megabyte | 1024 kilobyte, 1, 048, 576 bytes |
| Gigabyte | 1024 megabytes, 1, 073,741,824 bytes |
| Value of 1024 | 2 xy 10 |
| _____ different combinations of 1s and 0s in a 10 bit address | 1024 |
| INTEGER (memory) | 2 bytes of memory |
| REAL (memory) | 4 bytes of memory |
| CHAR (memory) | 1 byte of memory |
| STRING (memory) | 1 byte per character + 1 byte |
| Modulator (full word) | modulus |
