| A | B |
|---|
| allele | One of a pair of genes that occupies the same position on homologous chromosomes |
| autosomes | Chromosomes that do not determine the sex of an individual |
| dihybrid cross | A cross between two individuals concentrating on two definable traits |
| dominant allele | An allele that will determine phenotype if even one is present in the genotype |
| genotype | Two-letter set that represents the alleles an organism possesses for a certain trait |
| heterozygous genotype | A genotype with two different alleles |
| monohybrid cross | A cross between two individuals concentrating on only one definable trait |
| mutation | A radical chemical change in one or more alleles |
| pedigree | A diagram that follows a particular species' phenotype through several generations |
| phenotype | The observable expression of an organism's genes |
| recessive allele | An allele that will not determine the phenotype unless the genotype is hornozygous with that allele |
| sex chromosomes | Chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual |
| bred true | If an organism has a certain characteristic that is always passed on to its offspring, we say that this organism ___ ___ with respect to that characteristic. |
| The "father" of modern genetics | Gregor Mendel |
| Mendel studied these | pea plants |
| Name of the process for a plant reproducing by itself | self-pollination |
| Means the same as factor | gene |
| The number of chromosomes you have in your cells | 46 |
| The number of amino acids in your DNA | 4 |
| chromosomes come in ___ | pairs |
| genes occupy specific ___ on chromosomes | positions |
| Each of these chromosomes is made up of strings of chemicals that scientists named ___. They also determined that the ___ is shaped like a double-helix. | DNA |
| Scientists have also determined that some sections of the DNA strings control certain characteristics, like the color of your hair, the size of your feet, etc. They call these sections of DNA ___. | genes |
| Genes come in pairs, one from the mom, and one from the dad. Each part of the gene is called an ___. | allele |
| Scientists designate a dominant allele with a capital letter, and a recessive allele with a lower-case letter, like Tt. They call Tt a ___. | genotype |
| What are the four chemicals found in your DNA? | A, T, G, and C |
| The expression of an organism's genotype is called the ___. | phenotype |
| When a genotype is composed of identical alleles (“TT” or “tt,” for example),scientists say that the genotype is ___. | homozygous |
| What is the tool scientists use to predict the likelihood that an offspring will have a given genotype and phenotype? | Punnett Square |
| These chromosomes may only have one allele in a given gene for males | sex chromosomes |
| autism is four times more prevalent in ___ | males |
| Although many traits are caused by a specific gene, many traits are also caused by the interaction of several genes. This is called ___. | polygenetic inheritance |
| ___ is probably the best example of a sex-linked genetic disorder. | hemophilia |
