| A | B |
|---|
| Arrhenius concept | A concept postulating that acids produce hydrogen ions in aqueous solution, while bases produce hydroxide ions. |
| Lewis base | An electron-pair donor. |
| hydronium ion | A hydrated proton. The H3O+ ion |
| conjugate base | What remains of an acid molecule after a proton is lost. |
| conjugate acid | The species formed when a proton is added to a base. |
| conjugate acid-base pair | Two species related to each other by the donating and accepting of a single proton. |
| acid dissociation constant | Ka - the equilibrium constant for a reaction in which a proton is removed from an acid by H2O to form the conjugate base and H3O+ |
| strong acid | An acid that completely dissociates to produce an H+ ion and the conjugate base. |
| weak acid | An acid that dissociates only slightly in aqueous solution. |
| diprotic acid | An acid having two acidic protons such as sulfuric acid. |
| oxyacids | An acid in which the acidic proton is attached to an oxygen atom. |
| organic acids | An acid with a carbon-atom backbone; often contains the carboxyl group. |
| carboxyl group | the -COOH group in an orgainic acid. |
| monoprotic acids | An acid with one acidic proton. |
| amphoteric substance | A substance that can behave either as an acid or as a base. |
| autoionization | The transfer of a proton from one molecule to another of the same substance. |
| ion-product dissociation constant | Kw The equilibrium constant for the auto-ionization of water. |
| pH scale | a log scale based on 10 and equal to -log[H+]; A way to represent solution acidity. |
| major species | The components present in relatively large amounts in a solution. |
| percent dissociation | The ratio of the amount of a substance that is dissociated at equilibrium to the initial concentration of the substance in a solution, multiplied by 100. |
| strong bases | A metal hyfroxide salt that completely dissociates into its ions in water. |
| slaked lime | Calcium hydroxide- used for scrubbing stack gases and for softening hard water. |
| lime-soda process | A water-softening method in which lime and soda ash are added to water to remove calcium and magnesium ions by precipitation. |
| amine | An organic base derived from ammonia in which one or more of the hydrogen atoms are replaced by organic groups. |
| weak base | A base that reacts with water to produce hydroxide ions to only a slight extent in aqueous solution. |
| polyprotic acid | An acid with more than one acidic proton. It dissociates in a stepwise manner, one proton at a time. |
| triprotic acid | An acid with three acidic protons. |
| salt | an ionic compound. |
| acidic oxide | A covalent oxide that dissolves in water to give an acidic solution. |
| basic oxide | An ionic oxide that dissolves in water to produce a basic solution. |
| Lewis acid | An electron-pair acceptor. |
| Bronsted-Lowry model | A model proposing that an acid is a proton donor, and a base a proton acceptor. |
