| A | B |
|---|
| Babylonian Captivity (1309-1376) | Term for when the 7 Popes resided in Avignon, France |
| The Great Schism (1378-1417) | Term given for the dispute in the Christian Church over the rightful Pope (3 claimed the position) |
| John Wycliffe | English reformer of the Catholic Church. He translated portions of the Bible into English. His followers were called Lollards. |
| Jan Huss | A Czech priest who denounced church abuses and was burned at the stake. |
| Clerical immorality, ignorance, and pluralism/absenteeism | What were the 3 disorders/criticism of the Church by 1500? |
| Desiderius Erasmus | Dutch humanist who wrote The Praise of Folly as criticism of the Church. He wanted to reform the Church. |
| Martin Luther | Augustinian monk who challenged the Church's teaching eventually is created with starting the Protestant reformation |
| doctrine of justification by grace through faith alone vs faith plus works | How did Luther differed with the Church on salvation? |
| the Bible | According to Luther not the Pope,but what is the sole authority in religious issues? |
| the Priesthood of all believers | Why did Protestants want the Bible translated into the vernacular languages? |
| baptism and communion | Luther retained what two sacraments of the Catholic Church |
| Peasant Revolts | As a result of Luther's break with the Church, what violent challenge to authority occurred in 1525? |
| The Peace of Augsburg (1555) | This decree settled the warfare in the Holy Roman Empire/German states that resulted from the reformation. It said each prince would choose the relgion for their kingdom. |
| Charles V of Spain | The Holy Roman Emperor who had to deal with the Protestant Reformation |
| the selling of indulgences | What Church practice did Luther find so intolerable that he wrote his 95 Thesis against the Church |
| Ulrich Zwingli | He spread the Protestant Reformation to Zurich Switzerland |
| John Calvin | French Protestant who lead a theocracy in Geneva. His doctrine was covered in The Institutes of the Christian Religion. |
| John Calvin | His doctrines included predestination and a bible community |
| Huguenots | French Protestants who followed the teachings of John Calvin were called... |
| John Knox | He spread Calvinism to Scotland |
| Presbyterians | Scottish Calvinists were called what? |
| Puritans | What were English Calvinists called? |
| St. Barthomew Day Massacre | This 1572 event involved the Catholics killing Protestant guests at a royal wedding in France |
| Edict of Nantes (1598) | What did Henry IV issue that granted French Protestants limited toleration thus ending religious warfare |
| Henry VIII | He started the English Reformation in 1535 |
| Lutheranism | German states, Sweden, Norway and Denmark adopted what Protestant faith? |
| Conrad Grebel | Name the founder of the Anabaptists |
| Anabaptists | These radical Protestants believed in adult baptism and separation of church and state |
| Anabaptists | This protestant group was persecuted by Catholics and Calvinists alike due to their challenge to tradition authority |
| Council of Trent | This event was the Catholic Church's attempt to reform and reconcile with the Protestants |
| The Counter Reformation | The Catholic Church's efforts to coerce heretics to return to the church |
| The Catholic Reformation | The Catholic Church's internal effort to stimulate a new spiritual fever to win Protestants back |
| Faith and good works necessary for salvation, ended sale of indulgences, created seminaries, official catechism | What ruling was given by the Council of Trent? |
| Ignatius Loyola | He established the Society of Jesus as part of the Counter Reformation (Jesuits) |
| Protestant work ethic | What Protestant doctrine encouraged the development of capitalism |
| Challenged monarchical authority | How did Protestantism contribute to the growth of political liberty? |
| Miguel De Cervantes | Author of Spanish Renaissance work Don Quixote |
| Habsburg-Valois Wars (1559) | Name the conflict between Spain and France over Italian territory? |
| Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis (1559) | Treaty that ended the Habsburg-Valois Wars giving Spain more Italian territory |
| Concordat of Bologna (1516) | French King Francis I won right to appoint Church official and made Catholicism the state religion |
| Calvinism | French middle class/merchants were attracted to what Protestant faith? |
| Catherine de Medici | This Italian married French King Henry II and she persecuted Protestants. She was responsible for the St. Bartholomew Day Massacre |
| Philippe du Plessis Morney's Defense of Liberty Against Tyrants (1579) | This writing and its premise was the result of the St. Bartholomew day Massacre (1572) |
| politiques | Term meaning those who advocate compromise/tolerance for political unity |
| Henry of Navarre who became Henry IV | He said "Paris is worth a Mass" and converted to Catholicism to strengthen his control of France |
| Henry IV | He issued the Edict of Nantes (1598) |
| The Edict of Nantes (1598) | Issue by Henry IV to bring an end to religious war in France |
| Baroque | This style of art is most identified a "Catholic art" |
| Peter Paul Rubens | He is the best example of baroque painters for using religious themes with voluptous females |
| Rembrandt | His painting are an example of Protestant art from the Netherlands emphasizing realistic still life and landscapes |
| Versailles Palace and St. Peter's Basilica | Two examples of Baroque art used with architecture |
| Middle class merchants | The social group adopted Calvinism in large numbers because of its work ethic and individualism |
| the Netherlands | This Spanish territory adopted Protestantism and revolted in 1566-1587 |
| the Spanish Armada | The English defeated this in 1588 causing the beginning of Spanish decline in world power |
| Thirty Years War | This was the last of the wars of religion (1618-1648) |
| German states of the Holy Roman Empire | Where did the Thirty Years war take place? |
| Treaty of Westphalia (1848) | This treaty ended the Thirty Years War with France as the winner |
