| A | B |
|---|
| government | The people and groups within a society that have the authority to make laws, enforce laws and settle disputes about the laws |
| US Constitution | The US document that outlines our government and its branches is the |
| Bill of Rights | The first 10 amendments to the constitution are known as the |
| citizen | Legal resident of a country |
| immigrant | A person coming in from another country |
| Legislative | This branch of government writes the laws |
| Judicial | Branch of government that settles disputes about the laws (interprets the Constitution, conducts trials, declares laws unconstitutional, etc |
| Executive | The branch of government that enforces the laws (president, runs the cabinet, nominates federal judges, vetoes bills passed by Congress) |
| dictatorship | The type of government in which one person or party runs a country and the people do not have a say in their government |
| democracy | Type of government in which the people or citizens have the power (citizens vote, citizens influence decisions, leaders have to be elected, the power of the government is limited, and people have basic rights)- |
| Monarchy | This system of government is headed by a king, queen, emperors, empress or tsars. All monarchs inherited their power from blood relatives and their children will inherit the throne or office from them |
| interdependence | One country relying on another for economic or political reasons |
| geography | The study of people, places and the environment |
| Longitude | Imaginary lines that run north and south on the globe |
| Latitude | Imaginary lines that run east and west around the globe |
| urbanization | More and more Americans moving to the cities |
| deforestation | The removal or destruction of significant areas of forest is known as |
| desertification | More and more land turning to desert |
| push factors | Conditions or disadvantages in one place that make people move somewhere else |
| pull factors | Advantages in one place that attract people to move there |
| weather | The atmospheric conditions in a particular place at a particular time |
| climate | The weather in a region over a period of time |
| climate types | Polar, tropical, marine, subartic are examples of |
| absolute location | The exact spot on earth where a place can be found |
| relative location | Where something is located in relation to other places |
| migrate | People or animals move from one place to settle in another. |
| history | A record of the past |
| Westward Expansion | An era when America gained territory and people moved west |
| Industrial Revolution | Many new inventions and technologies changed life in America |
| Civil War | The North fought to keep the southern states in the Union and end slavery |
| primary sources | Accounts written by people who experienced the events themselves (diaries, letters, autobiographies, eyewitness account, uses “I” or “we”). |
| secondary sources | Accounts written by people who did not experience events themselves (writer was not there, written later, history book, biography, uses “he”, “she”, or “they”) |
| Revolutionary War | Americans fought for independence from England |
| World War I | huge war fought from 1914 until 1918. America entered the war in 1917. 32 countries fought in this war: the Allies battled the Central Powers |
| World War II | It was fought from 1939 to 1945. Germany, led by Adolf Hitler, began the war by invading Poland, with the goal of eventually taking over the world. The USA entered the war against the Axis in 1941 after Japan bombed Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. This war was the first and only war in which atomic bombs were used (the war ended after the US dropped a second atomic bomb on Japan) |
| economics | The study of how resources are managed in the production, exchange and use of goods or services |
| supply | How much of a product or resource is available |
| demand | How much of a product or resource people want |
| price | How much something costs |
| profit | The money left, after the expenses for making a product are paid |
| Customer | consumer |
| producers | People who make a product |
| natural resources | Resources that come from nature (coal, water, soil, minerals, etc |
| human resources | Resources that consist of people and their skills |
| Capital resources | Resources that consist of equipment, tools, buildings, trucks and other things needed by a company to produce their product or provide their service |
| labor | Another word for work or workers |
| international trade | Trading with other countries |
| importing | Bringing goods into a country from other countries |
| exporting | Goods that exit or leave a country to sell or trade in another country |
| culture | The beliefs, customs, art, traditions, laws and ways of living that a group of people have in common |
| region | A group of places put together because of something they have in common (language, culture, mountain range, etc.) |
| Torah | the Jewish sacred book |
| Abraham | Founder of Judaism; the first leader of the Israelites |
| monotheism | Belief in one God |
| polytheism | Belief in many gods |
| Mohammad | 8Founder and prophet of Islam |
| Five Pillars of Faith | Islam basic beliefs |
| Bible | Christian sacred book |
| Allah | Muslims call God |
| Yahweh | name of Jewish God |
| Mecca | Holy City for Muslims |
| Caste system | Hindu class system that controlled every aspect of daily life |
| Moses and Abraham | The prophets of Judaism |
| Church | Christian house of worship |
| Bethlehem | Birth place of Christ |
| Jerusalem | 19. A city in the Holy Land; regarded as sacred to Christians, Muslims and Jews |
| Quran | The Holy book of Islam |
| Jesus | founder of Christianity |
| Buddhism | Founded by Siddhartha Gautama in India in 500 BC has an eightfold path for people to follow |
| Hinduism | The oldest religion in the world |
| reincarnation | rebirth of the soul in the body of another living being |
