| A | B |
|---|
| Hector | Trojan's best fighter |
| Achilles | best warrior of Greeks |
| Dido | Queen of Carthage |
| Tiber | river is western Italy, site of Rome |
| Aeneas | Trojan warrior, son of Venus |
| Lavinia | daughter of local Latin chief, marries Aeneas |
| Ascanius | Aeneas' son, founds Alba Longa |
| Alba Longa | city near future site of Rome founded after Lavinium |
| Lavinium | city founded by Aeneas, named after his second wife |
| Numitor | king of Alba Longa driven out by his brother |
| Amulius | brother of Alba Longa's king who drove his brother from the throne |
| Rhea Silvia | daughter of Numitor, bore twins |
| Romulus | legendary founder of Rome |
| Remus | killed by his brother in a disagreement |
| 753 BC | year of legendary founding of Rome |
| patres conscripti | senate, council of fathers |
| Sabines | neighboring tribe to Rome whose women were abducted by Romans |
| Etruscans | a civilization rich in art and architecture |
| Titus Tatius | a Sabine who is believed to have ruled with Romulus |
| Numa Pompilius | priest and king who organized Rome's religious calendar |
| Tullius Hostilius | Roman king who destroyed Alba Longa |
| Ancus Martius | spread Roman influence down the Tiber to Ostia |
| Tarquinius Superbus | last Roman king, came from Etruria, deposed |
| Clusium | Etruscan capitol |
| cloaca maxima | main drain in Rome, idea borrowed from Etruscans |
| fasces | bundle of rods with axes, carried by lictors |
| augury | determining future events by looking at nature, e.g.thunder, flight of birds |
| Collatinus | husband of Lucretia, one of two first Roman consuls |
| Brutus | helped Collatinus exper Tarquinius Superbus, became consul with him |
| consul | one of two heads of the Roman state, elected annually |
| pontifex maximus | elected chief priest of the roman state |
| forum | central square in Roma |
| paterfamilias | head of the Roman household, held power of life and death over family members |
| mos maiorum | custom of the ancestors |
| patricians | descendants of Romulus' first 100 senators |
| plebeians | small farmers, tradesmen, craftsmen and unskilled workers |
| secession | plebeians left their jobs and walked out of Rome because of political dissatisfaction |
| Menenius Agrippa | persuaded plebs to return to their jobs in Rome suring the secession |
| Twelve Tables | 450 BC published laws of Rome |
| lex Canuleia | 445 BC, law that plebs and patricians can intermarry |
| lex Poetilla | 326 BC law which made debt slavery illegal |
| praetors | consul's understudies, later in charge of law courts, 8 in total |
| quaestors | official overseeing financial affairs of the state |
| censors | maintained rolls of the citizens, could censure any senator |
| Appius Claudius | censor in 312, built the Appian way and first aqueduct in Rome |
| tribune of the plebs | ten officers who oversaw the interest of the plebeians, sacrosanct |
| aediles | elected officials who maintained accuracy of weights/measures, staging games and street sanitation |
| novus homo | one running for consul as the first in his family |
| nobiles | class that could claim a consul in the family |
| consulta | senate's opinions with force of law |
| SPQR | senatus populusque Romanus, joint authority of Roman senate and people |
| popular assemblies | assemblies arranged by families and property classes |
| concilium plebis | council that elected tribunes and passed plebiscita |
| plebiscita | binding resolutions that affected the plebeians alone |
| lex Hortensia | 287 BC gave plebiscita the force of law, binding to all people |
