| A | B |
|---|
| CDC | Center for Disease Control (Atlanta) |
| NIH | National Institute of Health (D.C.) |
| WHO | World Health Organization |
| USPHS | U.S. Public Health Service |
| Part of Cell Theory | All living things are made of cells |
| Part of Cell Theory | Cells are smallest living structures |
| Part of Cell Theory | All cells come from preexisting cells |
| Viruses | Only reproduce and evolve, but only in another organism |
| Examples of microbes or microorganisms | viruses, bacteria, protozoa, algae, fungi, invertebrate animals |
| Protozoa | "first animals" |
| Pathogens | disease-causing organisms |
| Examples of Prokaryotes | bacteria, cyanobacteria ("blue-green" algae) |
| Examples of Eukaryotes | protozoa, algae, fungi, plants, animals |
| Helminths | "worms" |
| Micrometers (one millionth of a meter) | what bacteria is usually measured in |
| Nanometers (one billionth of a meter) | what viruses are usually measured in |
| Linnaeus | developed system of binomial nomenclature |
| binomial nomenclature | "two-name naming system" |
| Eubacteria | Kingdom of unicellular prokaryotes |
| Archaebacteria | Kingdom of unicellular prokaryotes with unique cell walls |
| Protista | Kingdom of unicellular eukaryotes - ex. amoeba, paramecium, euglena, algae |
| Fungi | Kingdom of multicellular, eukaryotic, nonmotile, heterotrophs |
| Plantae | Kingdom of multicellular, eukaryotic, nonmotile, autotrophs |
| Animalia | Kingdom of multicellular, eukaryotic, motile at some point, heterotrophs |
| Abiogenesis | "no life in beginning" "spontaneous generation" |
| Abiogenesis | Theory believed 300 years ago that living things can come from nonliving matter |
| Janssens | Developed first compound light microscope in late 1500's |
| Microscope | First important advancement of microbiology |
| Galileo and Kepler | Instrumental in making microscopes better |
| Hooke | In 1600's, first to use the term "cell" |
| van Leeuwenhoek | In 1670's, "father of microbiology" |
| van Leeuwenhoek | First scientist to see, describe, draw microorganisms |
| Pasteur (Late 1800's French) | Disproved spontaneous generation with swan-neck flask experiment |
| Pasteur (Late 1800's French) | "Pasteurization" saved French wine industry |
| Pasteur (Late 1800's French) | Saved silk worm industry |
| Pasteur (Late 1800's French) | Developed vaccines (rabies) |
| Pasteur (Late 1800's French) | Worked on Germ Theory of Disease |
| Pasteur (Late 1800's French) | First to describe "virus" |
| Koch (Late 1800's German) | Proved Germ Theory of Disease |
| Germ Theory of Disease | Specific bacteria do cause specific diseases |
| Koch (Late 1800's German) | His "postulates" showed you can identify which bacteria causes each infectious disease |
| Koch (Late 1800's German) | Responsible for development of many of the pure culture techniques we use today |
| Koch (Late 1800's German) | First to use agar |
| Agar | used to grow bacteria |
| Bacillus anthracis | Bacteria that causes Anthrax |
| Koch (Late 1800's German) | Developed techniques to isolate bacteria in pure culture |
| Koch (Late 1800's German) | With Ehrlich, developed many stains used to see bacteria |
| Koch (Late 1800's German) | One of his lab associates was named Petri |
| Ivanovski | In 1892, discovered Tobacco Mosaic Virus |
| Tobacco Mosaic Virus | First virus discovered in 1892 |
| Jenner (1700's) | Developed first vaccine in the Western World |
| Jenner (1700's) | Developed vaccine for small pox |
| Semmelweis (1800's) | First instructed medical personnel to wash hands after investigating Puerperal fever |
| Lister (1800's) | First to use disinfectants in surgery |
| Lister (1800's) | Surgical death rate fell from 90% to 20% following his discovery |
| Chemotherapeutic agents | Chemicals that treat disease |
| Ehrlich (early 1900's) | Developed first synthetic drug to fight infection |
| Salvarsan | First synthetic drug developed to fight infection (syphilis) |
| Treponema pallidum | Bacteria that causes syphilis |
| Three types of microscopes | Simple light; compound light; electron |
| Simple light microscope | One glass lens, often called magnifying glass |
| Simple light microscope | Has approximately 2-30x magnification |
| Compound light microscope | Two or more glass lenses |
| Compound light microscope | Maximum magnification is 2000x |
| Compound light microscope | Modern ones are parfocal |
| Parfocal | Once a specimen is focused using one objective lens, it is in relative focus for all objectives |
| Bright field compound light microscope | Most common type of compound light microscope |
| Phase contrast compound light microscope | Enables viewer to see better intracellular details in unstained cells (i.e. live cells) |
| Dark field compound light microscope | disc helps to see cells we cannot otherwise see; used to better see motility |
| Fluorescent compound light microscope | Used to see things that fluoresce; used in some serologiccal diagnostic tests |
| Electron microscope | Microscope developed in 1940's |
| Electron microscope | Images are called "electron micrographs" |
| Electron microscope | Electromagnets replace glass lenses; thin sectioning used; vacuum chamber |
| Electron microscope | Specimens are already dead using this microscope |
| TEM | Abbrev. for Transmission Electron Microscope |
| SEM | Abbrev. for Scanning Electron Microscope |
| TEM | Has 1,000,000x magnification |
| SEM | Has 150,000x magnification |
| TEM | Used to see internal details of cells and organelles as well as viruses |
| SEM | Used to sese surfaces of specimens (3D-like image) |
