| A | B |
|---|
| matter | anything that takes up space and has mass |
| atom | smallest part of an element with all the properties of that element; building blocks of matter |
| molecule | two or more atoms held together by a chemical force |
| compound | chemical substance made of atoms of different elements bonded together |
| mixture | two or more substances physically combined |
| chemical formula | combination of chemical symbols used to represent compounds |
| mineral | naturally occurring, inorganic solid that has a definite chemical composition and crystal shape |
| inorganic | not formed from living things or the remains of living things |
| crystal | solid in which the atoms or molecules are arranged in a definite pattern that is repeated over and over |
| luster | the way that a mineral reflects light from its surface |
| hardness | ability of a mineral to resist being scratched |
| streak | color of the powder left by a mineral when it is rubbed against a hard surface |
| density | mass per unit volume of a substance |
| cleavage | tendancy of a mineral to break along smooth, definite surfaces |
| fracture | the way a mineral does not cleave breaks along a rough or jagged surface |
| ore | mineral or rock from which useful metals or nonmetals can be removed |
| metal | element that is shiny, conducts electricity and heat and is easily shaped |
| nonmetal | element that has a dull surface, is a poor conductor of electricity and heat, and is not easily shaped |
| gemstone | hard, beautiful, durable substance that can be cut and polished for jewelry and decoration |
| rock | hard substance composed of one or more minerals |
| igneous | rock formed from molten lava |
| sedimentary | rock made by compacting and cementing of sediments |
| sediment | particles of rock, shell, and other material that have been carried by wind, water or glaciers |
| metamorphic | rock changed in form because of heat, chemical reactions, or pressure |
| rock cycle | processes that causes rocks to change from one kind to another |
| extrusive rock | igneous rock fromed from lava that cools on the Earth's surface |
| intrusive rock | igneous rock that formed from magma that cools inside (beneath) the Earth's surface |
| clastic rock | sedimentary rock formed from fragments of previously existing rocks |
| organic rock | sedimentary rock that is formed either directly or indirectly from material that was once alive |
| chemical rock | non-clastic sedimentary rock forned by inorganic processes such as evaporation |
| mteamorphism | process by which metamorphic rocks are formed |
