| A | B |
|---|
| Marbury v. Madison | Men sue to get the promised government jobs. Established judicial review. |
| Dred Scott v. Sanford | Slave sues for his freedom but is not considered a citizen. Struck down the 1820 Missouri Comprimise, declared slavery legal across the nation. |
| Schenck v. U.S. | WWI, guy hands out pamphlets against the draft. Established precedent of "clear and present danger" when determining free speech. |
| Brown v. Board of Education | Parents of black students sue the school board, saying that "seperate but equal" is automatically unfair. Declared Segregation to be illegal. |
| Gideon v. Wainwright | Guy breaks into a business and is arrested, and not given an attorney. Expanded the right to an attorney to all felony cases. |
| Mapp v. Ohio | Cops conduct an illegal search of a house. Set exclusionary rules to the use of evidence found in searches. |
| Reynolds v. Sims | Established mandate of "one person one vote" which forced states to have congressional districts of equal population. |
| Miranda v. Arizona | Established policy of reading certain rights to accused criminals upon arrest. |
| Tinker v. Des Moines | Students wear black arm-bands to school. Established that non-violent, non-disruptive protest is protected speech. |
| New Jersey v. T.L.O. | Girl caught smoking at school, they search her bag. Established limits of school personnel to search students while at school. |
| University of California v. Bakke | White man sues because he is repeatedly rejected from entrance into a medical school, even though he has better grades than some minority students that were accepted. Challenged affirmative action laws and mandated that quotas cannot be used. |
| Texas v. Johnson | Guy burns a flag in protest outside Republican Convention. Court determined that flag burning was protected as free speech. |
| Plessy v. Ferguson | Black man tried to ride in white-only train car. Upheld separate but equal segregation. |
| McCulloch v. Maryland | Congress establishes a Federal bank in a state. That state tries to tax it. Under Supremacy clause, the Court determines that a state cannot tax the federal govt. |
| Gibbons v. Ogden | Steamboat operator sues New York. Court determines that the Federal govt. only can regulate interstate trade and commerce. |
| Korematsu v. US | A Japanese American is put into a prison camp during WWII because he is seen as a possible threat due to his heritage. Court declares it constitutional during a time of emergency, like war. |
| In re Gault | A fifteen year old kid on probation gets caught making an obscene phone call. They arrest him without notifying his parents. Court determines that he is protected under the 14th Amendment, even if he is a minor. |
| US v. Nixon | A president refuses to give evidence in a court case against him, claiming executive privilege. Court said that he could not use this power with this type of evidence. |
| Swann v. Charlotte Mecklenberg Board of Ed. | To make a school more desegregated, busing of students to other schools to diversify them is constitutional. |
| Hazelwood Schools v. Kuhlmeier | A Principal in a High School deletes two pages of a school newspaper for being inappropriate. Court ruled that a school is allowed to limit such freedom of speech and press if it is in the best interest of the student body. |
| Roe v. Wade | A Texas woman sues because state law banned abortions. Court agreed that first trimester abortion is a right protected by the 4th Amendment rights to privacy and 14th Amendment. The Texas law was struck down and abortion was made legal across the nation. |
| McCulloch v. Maryland | A state tries to tax a Federal bank just because it is in that state. |
| Dobbs v. Jackson Women's' Health Organization | A Mississippi law banning almost all abortions after 15 weeks is challenged by a provider. The Supreme upholds the law, effectively overturning Roe v. Wade and nationwide abortion protections. |
| District of Columbia v Heller | A DC Police Officer authorized to carry a handgun on duty but was denied the right to keep it at home. He sued - the US Court of Appeals ruled that DC's law that handguns licensed to be kept at home must be disassembled and trigger-locked violated the 2nd Amendment. |
| Citizens United v Federal Election Commission | There were rules for how much money corporations could donate to political campaigns and Political Action Committees. The court ruled that this violated the 1st Amendment's protections for free political speech, and that corporations should be seen as people. Led to unlimited money from corporations being able to be poured into political campaigns and advertisements. |
| Obergefell v Hodges | Same sex couples in 4 states sued their states over their bans on same-sex marriage. The court ruled that the 14th Amendment protected their right to marry just like everyone else has the right to. |
