| A | B |
|---|
| chivalry | knights' code of honor |
| fief | land given to a vassal |
| knight | warrior; exchanged services for land |
| Magna Carta | "Great Charter"; signed by King John |
| serf | peasant; virtual prisoner of the land |
| vassal | knight or noble who has taken an oath of loyalty to a noble |
| William the Conqueror | Norman noble who conquered England |
| King John | English king forced to sign the Magna Carta |
| chivalry | The nobel qualities of knights |
| clergy | People who serve the church |
| crusades | Military expeditions to win control of the Holy Land from the Turks |
| feudalism | A system of power in Europe where kings and queens had the most power, then the nobles, knights and last were tahe peasants |
| guild | Union of all the towns people who have the same job |
| Magna Carta | Agreement between King John of England and his nobles to limit thei hings power |
| Manor | Large estate owned by lord |
| Medieval | From the Middle Ages |
| Middle Ages | 500 AD to 1500 AD in Europe |
| Parliament | Council that advises the king or queen of England on Government matters |
| Serf | Person wonsidered part of the land |
| Troubadour | Traveling performer who sang about the deeds of the knights |
| Vassal | Person who swears loyalty to a lord |
| Fief | Land given in exchange for service |
| Middle Ages | time between ancient times & modern times |
| Medieval | another name for the Middle Ages |
| feudalism | a powersystem like a pyramid. People at the top have the most power & people at the bottom the least. The pyramid from top to bottom would be Kings, Queens, nobles, knights and lastly peasants |
| vassal | a man who promised to be loyal to a lord in exchange for a fief |
| manor | a large estate that often included a village as wwell as farmland inhabited by peasants |
| serf | peasant, who belonged to the land & had some rights. Could buy freedom or win it by escaping for a year and a day without being captured |
| Charlemagne | a strong military leader. Worked to keep Western Europe united. Established schools to promote learning and culture |
| clergy | men who performed the services of the church |
| guild | something that included all the people in a town who practiced a certain trade |
| apprentice | an unpaid worker being trainer in a particular trade/craft |
| chivalry | noble qualities knights were suppose to have |
| troubadour | people who wandered from place to place singing about the chivalric deeds performed by knights for ladies |
| crusades | 8 bloody wars to capture Palestine |
| Pope Urban II | launched crusades against Palestine |
| Holy Land | sacred to Muslims, Jews, & Christians |
| Jerusalem | the capital city of modern Israel, a holy city for Jews, Muslims, & Christians |
| Magna Carta | the "Great Charter"; an agreement between King John of England and his nobles and clergy in which the king's power over his nobles was limited |
| parliament | a council that would advise the English king in government matters |
| Pope Gregory IV | the pope who excommunicated King Henry IV |
| King Henry IV | chose bishops even though Pope Gregory ordered him not to |
| King John | tax people heavily, jailed enemies unjustly without a trial |
| Joan of Arc | a peasant girl who led French to victory |
| Runnymede | a meadow along the Thames River in England and where the Magna Charta was signed |
| Orleans | where the French were defeated by the English |
