| A | B |
|---|
| King George III | ruler of England who ordered troops to the colonies to crush the revolt |
| Olive Branch Petition | request that the kind repeal the Intolerable Acts in exchange for an assurance of colonial loyalty to Britian |
| Green Mountain Boys | Vermonters, followers of Ethan Allen |
| Continental Army | army of the American colonies |
| George Washington | chosen by Congress to command the Continental Army |
| Patriot | an American supporter of independence |
| Loyalist | a colonist loyal to Britain |
| Battle of Bunker Hill | battle outside Boston that proved that Americans could fight bravely and that the British would not be defeated easily |
| Blockade | the shutting of a port to keep people or supplies from moving in or out |
| Mercenaries | troops for hire |
| Thomas Paine | author of COMMON SENSE |
| COMMON SENSE | pamphlet that explained why colonists should rebel against Britain |
| Richard Henry Lee | Virginia representative who introduced the resolution for independence to the Continental Congress |
| Thomas Jefferson | Patriot who wrote the Declaration of Independence |
| Declaration of Independence | document that explains why the colonies decided to break from England |
| traitor | person who betrays his or her country |
| preamble | introduction |
| natural rights | rights that belong to all people from birth |
| Battle of Long Island | victory for the British army; Americans retreat north |
| Nathan Hale | Patriot spy who was hanged |
| Battle of Trenton | surprise attack and victory for the Continental Army |
| General John Burgoyne | British general who planned to take control of Hudson River; surrendered at Saratoga |
| Battle of Saratoga | battle in New York won by Continental Army |
| Marquis de Lafayette | Frenchman who fought under Washington |
| Friedrich von Steuben | Prussian who trained Continental Army |
| Thaddeus Kosciusko | Polish engineer who helped bild forts and defenses |
| Valley Forge | Continental Army's 1777-1778 winter headquarters; site of the low point for Washington's army |
| allies | nations who work together to achieve a common goal |
| cavalry | troops on horseback |
| Mary Ludwig Hays | followed the American troops, giving them water; took her husband's place behind the cannon in one battle |
| Peter Salem | fought at Concord and Bunker Hill |
| George Rogers Clark | led Virginia frontier fighters in the Ohio Valley against the British |
| Bernardo de Galvez | Spanish governor of Louisiana who captured British forts in the South |
| John Paul Jones | American navy captain who attacked and captured the Serapis, a more powerful British warship |
| Henry Clinton | ordered Cornwallis to return to New York |
| Charles Cornwallis | led retreat to Yorktown |
| Nathanael Greene | commander of Continental Army in the South |
| Daniel Morgan | won the Battle of Cowpens |
| Battle of Cowpens | American victory in South Carolina |
| Francis Marion | guerrilla-style American commander |
| Benedict Arnold | American general and hero of Saratoga turned traitor against the American cause |
| Comte de Rochambeau | French commander at Yorktown |
| Battle of Yorktown | site of British surrender |
| Treaty of Paris | document that settled terms of surrender |
