| A | B |
|---|
| charity organizations society (COS) | efforts begun in the 1880s with the primary goals of learning what caused individual poverty and providing organized services to alleviate poverty; the emphasis of the organization was on serving individuals and their familes |
| council on social work education (CSWE) | nonprofit national association that represents over 3,000 individual members, 172 graduate programs, and 448 undergraduate programs of professional social work education; founded in 1952, CSWE is recognized by the council for higher education accreditation as the sole accrediting agency for scoial work education in the united states |
| diversity perspective | theoretical framework that emphasizes the broad and varied differences of social workers and their clients and how these differences can enhance society |
| ecological systems framework | perspective with emphasis on understanding people and their environments and the nature of their transactions; major concepts of this orientation include goodness of fit between people and the environment, reciprocity, and mutuality |
| empowerment | psychological state that reflects a sense of competence, control, and entitlement; allows one to pursue concrete activities aimed at becoming powerful; empowered clients have control over their environment, which makes it possible for them to improve their lives |
| general systems theory | explains the behavior of people and societies by identifying the components of subsystems of the larger (or host) system and analyzes how those subsystems interact and affect the larger system; this holistic framework is concerned with system boundries, roles, relationships, and the interactions between people in the system or its subsystems |
| macro practice | changing the larger social environment so that it benefits individuals and familes |
| national association of social workers (NASW) | membership organization of professional social workers with more than 150,000 members; works to enhance the professional growth and development of its members, creats and maintains professional standards, and advances social policies |
| person-in-environment perspective | perspective used by social workers to understand clients experiencing difficulties with their roles, selfperceptions, and expectations in their actions with others and in the context of their surrounding environment |
| self-determination | the value of respect for a client's own choices |
| settlement movement | organized social welfare efforts begun in the late 1800s to help people who were poor, particularly immigrants; the efforts included workers living within the community and providing services from their dwelling or settlement |
| strengths perspective | view that emphasizes using client's strenghts, resources, support networks, and motivations to meet challenges; the focus is on client's assets rather than problems or dysfunction |
| cash assitance | provision of resources through financial transfer |
| charity organization societies | efforts begun in the 1880's with the primary goals of learning what caused individual poverty and providing organized services to alleviate poverty; emphasis of the organization was on serving individuals and their families |
| civil rights | rights to which people are entitled because they are menbers of society; such rights provide legal protection from discrimination and oppression |
| devolution | decreasing the federal governments role in social welfare and turning responsibility back to the local level |
| elizabethan poor laws | first social welfare policy implemented in colonial america, which outlined the public's responsibility for people who were poor |
| entitlements | guaranteed social support for all eligible persons through services or financial remuneration without time limits |
| in-kind benifits | aid in the form of tangible items |
| institutional | preventive social welfare services; built into the institutional structures of society |
| public assistance programs | means-tested social welfare programs designed to alleviate poverty |
| residual | social welfare services designed to address an identified problem |
| settlement movement | organized social welfare efforts begun in the 1800s to help people who were poor, particularly immigrants; the efforts included workers living within the community and providing services from their dwelling or settlement |
| social insurance programs | social welfare programs designed to prevent poverty that are based on shared contributions made while people are working to be used later to provide services and benefits |
| social security act of 1935 | legislated federal policy that provides long-term protections through social insurance and aid to people in poverty through public assistance |
| social welfare system | the collection of programs, resources, and services available to help people |
| voting rights act | legislation that prohibited denying people of color the right to vote |
| war on poverty | the general term used to describe the social welfare policies and programs of the 1960s that were designed to alleviate poverty |
| assessment | determination of a person's presenting concerns, details of others involved, environment, personal history, and background in order to identify appropriate services |
| case management | coordination and referral of services for a client |
| cognitive-behavioral therapy | pratices interventions designed to weaken or lessen habitual reactions to troublesome situations in order to calm the mind and body so the person can think more clearly and make better decisions |
| community change | desired outcome for improving social and economic conditions |
| community development | process of helping individuals improve the conditions of their lives by increased involvement in the social and economic conditions of their communities |
| community organizing | process of bringing people together to work for needed change |
| community planning | collecting data, analyzing a situation, and developing strategies to move from a problem to a solution |
| crisis intervention | short-term model of social work practice that is designed to assist victims and survivors in returning to their precrisis level of functioning |
| direct services | the provision of social services by social workers |
| educational groups | used to impart information and train people in needed skills |
| generalist social work practice | broad range of training for social work practice, primarily used to guide and coordinate services |
| information and referral (I&R) | efforts to enhance client's access to services by providing information on availability, location, and eligibility |
| intake | form of assessment that is usually conducted through a formal interview with the client and includes provision of information on available services |
| network linkage | serving as the connection between social service systems for a client |
| problem-solving method | pragmatic approach to social work direct practice that emphasizes identifying the client's present difficulties, which are a natural part of life, and providing knowledge and resources to help with the problem |
| psychosocial treatment | form of direct practice that emphasizes explanation of the internal determinants of people's behaviors, with focus on early life experiences and childhood memories |
| socialization groups | groups designed to help participants learn how to behave in socially accepted ways so they can function effectively in their lives and communities |
| task-centered groups | groups that are concerned with organizational and social change |
| task-centered social work | short-term treatment focused on client-acknowledged problems |
| therapeutic groups | groups focused on the use of psychological intervention to address internal concerns |
| ableism | the oppression of people with disabilities |
| affirmative action | plans by employers and educational institutions to diversify workforces and student bodies by creating opportunties for women and people of color |
| age discrimination in employment act (ADEA) | law that protects employees over 40 years old from age discrimination in their workplaces |
| ageism | belief in the superiorty of youth over age and the systematic oppression of people because they are older |
| americans with disabilities act | legislation that provides civil rights protections for people with disabilities |
| anti-semitism | systematic discrimination or oppression of jews |
| civil rights | rights to which people are entitled because they are members of society; such rights provide legal protection from discrimination and oppression |
| civil rights act of 1964 | legislation that prohibits segregation and discrimination based on race |
| civil rights act of 1968 | legislation that prohibits discrimination in housing |
| classism | the institutional and cultural attitudes and behaviors that stigmatize the poor and place a higher value on wealthier people |
| cultural pluralism | people mix socially and economically with other groups but retain their unique cultural characteristics |
| discrimination | actions of treating people differently based on their membership in a group; usually involves denial of something |
| employment non-discrimination act (ENDA) | proposed legislation that would prohibit employers from discrimination based on sexual orientation |
| fifteenth amendment | constitutional amendment of 1870 that gave all men, regardless of race, the right to vote |
| fouteenth amendment | constitutional amendment of 1868 that offered early civil rights protections |
| hate crimes | victimization of people because of their race, ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation, ability, or gender |
| heterosexism | institutionalized bias directed at gay men, lesbians, bisexuals, and people who are transgender |
| homophobia | fear of homosexuality or fear of lesbians and gay men |
| institutional discrimination | discrimination built into the norms and institutions of society and enforced by those in power |
| nineteenth amendment | constitutional amendment of 1920 that guaranteed women the right to vote |
| oppression | systematic and pervasive mistreatment of people based on their membership in a certain group |
| prejudice | attitude of judging or disliking groups and individuals based on myths and misconceptions |
| racism | systematic mistreatment of people based on their race |
| separatism | social groups live in the same country but do things as separately as possible |
| sexism | oppression that grows out of the belief that men are superior to women |
| social justice | the level of fairness that exists in human relationships and overall in society |
| bilingual education | school programs that allow children to learn course material in their native language while they develop skills in a second language, usually english |
| colonization | the settlement and occupation of a new country |
| cultural competence | understanding of how and why people are different and awareness of the effect of oppression and discrimination on people's lives |
| ethnic group | groups that share common cultural patterns or national origins |
| immigration | movement of people away from their native lands to become permanent residents of another country |
| multiculturalism | professional ability to acknowledge, appreciate, and understand cultural diversity |
| multiehnic or transracial adoption | the permanent placement of children of one race or ethnicity with parents of a different race or ethnicity |
| race | umbrella term that includes multiple ethnic groups |
| refugee | person who is fleeing persecution from countries considered to be oppressive |
| reparations | payments made to redress past injustices |
| social construction | when people who have power in society define a group's characteristics and determine the group's value |
| absolute poverty | use of a set dollar amount to determine who is in poverty |
| culture of poverty | belief that people learn to be poor from growing up in improverished areas |
| devolution of services | movement of social programs from the federal level to the state level |
| feminization of poverty | trend that poverty is more likely to happen to women |
| food stamp program | food assistance program run by the department of agriculture |
| juvenilization of poverty | tendency for children to be disproportionately represented in the ranks of those who are poor |
| poverty guidelines | department of health and human services poverty line used to determine eligibilty for social services |
| poverty threshold | census bureau absolute measure of poverty, used for statistical purposes |
| relative poverty | use of comparisons to determine who is poor |
| supplemental security income (SSI) | cash assistance to people who are poor and eldrely, or poor with disabilities |
| temporary assistance for needy families (TANF) | cash assistance program for poor families |
| underemployed | working, but not earning a sufficient income |
| unemployed | physically able to work but unable to find employment |
| working poor | employed, but earnings are not sufficient for meeting basic needs |
