| A | B |
|---|
| fiefs | a land grant of gift of land |
| bishop | the head of a diocese |
| chivalry | a code of behavior that knights followed |
| archbishop | the highest ranking bishop; the head of a diocese |
| manor | the estate, or large landholding, of a noble |
| cardinal | a position in the Catholic Church immediately below the pope |
| parish | a local church community composed of members and led by a priest |
| pope | the religious leader of the Roman Catholic Church |
| crusade | a military expedition undertaken by Christian nations in Europe to regain control of holy sites under Muslim control |
| Holy Land | the name that Christians gave Jerusalem and parts of Palestine where Jesus had lived |
| unintended consequences | unplanned effects |
| barter | to trade or exchange |
| money economy | use of gold or silver coins to acquire goods |
| capitalism | economic system based on the private ownership of production for the purpose of making a profit |
| bubonic plague | an infectious fever carried by infected fleas that lived on rats |
| charter | a written guarantee of rights |
| guild | an organization of merchantgs or craftworkers who came together to protect their economic interests |
| journeyman | a person who has learned a trade and works for another person for wages |
| tenant farmers | works land that is owned by another person and pays rent to the land owner |
| middle class | a social and economic class made up of merchants, traders, and craftworkers |
