| A | B |
|---|
| Absorbtion | The transport of dissolved substances into cells. |
| Digestion | The breakdown of absorbed substances. |
| Respiration | The breakdown of food molecules with a release of energy. |
| Excretion | The removal of soluble waste materials. |
| Egestion | The removal of non-soluble waste materials. |
| Secretion | The release of biosynthesized substances for use by other cells. |
| Homeostasis | Maintaining the status quo in a cell. |
| Reproduction | Producing more cells. |
| Cytology | The study of cells. |
| Cell Wall | A rigid substance on the outside of certain cells, usually plant and bacteria cells. |
| Plasma Membrane | The semipermeable membrane between the cell contents and either the cell wall or the cell's surroundings. |
| Cytoplasm | A jelly-like fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended. |
| Ions | Substances in which at least one atom had an imbalance of protons and electrons. |
| Cytoplasmic Streaming | The motion of the cytoplasm which results in a coordinated movement of the cell's organelles. |
| Mitochondria | The organelles in which nutrients are converted to energy. |
| Lysosome | The organelle in animal cells responsible for hydrolysis reactions which break down proteins, polysaccharides, disaccharides, and some lipids. |
| Ribosomes | Non-membrane-bound organelles responsible for protein synthesis. |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | An organelle composed of an extensive network of folded membranes which perform several tasks within a cell. |
| Rough ER | ER that is dotted with ribosomes. |
| Smooth ER | ER that has no ribosomes. |
| Golgi Bodies | The organelles in which proteins and lipids are stored and then modified to suit the needs of the cell. |
| Leucoplasts | Organelles that store starches or oils. |
| Chromoplasts | Organelles that contain pigments used in photosynthesis. |
| Central Vacuole | A large vacuole that rests at the center of most plant cells and is filled with a solution which contains a high concentration of solutes. |
| Waste Vacuoles | Vacuoles that contain the waste products of digestion. |
| Phagocytosis | The process by which a cell ungulfs foreign substances or other cells. |
| Phagocytic Vacuoles | A vacuole that holds the matter which a cell engulfs. |
| Pinocytic Vesicle | Vesicle formed at the plasma membrane to allow the absorbtion of large molecules. |
| Secretion Vesicle | Vesicle that holds secretion products so that they can be transported to the plasma membrane and released. |
| Microtubules | Spiral strands of protein molecules that form a rope-like structure. |
| Nuclear Membrane | A highly-porous membrane that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm. |
| Chromatin | Clusters of DNA and proteins in the nucleus. |
| Phospholipid | A lipid in which one of the fatty acid molecules has been replaced by a molecule which contains a phosphate group. |
| Passive Transport | Movement of molecules through the plasma membrance according to the dictates of osmosis or diffusion. |
| Active Transport | Movement of molecules through the plasma membrane (typically opposite the dictates of osmosis or diffusion) aided by a chemical processs. |
| Isotonic Solution | A solution in which the concentration of solutes is essentially equal to that of the cell which resides in the solution. |
| Hypertonic Solution | A solution in which the concentration of solutes is greater than that of the cell which resides in the solution. |
| Plasmolysis | A collapse of the cell's cytoplasm due to lack of water. |
| Cytolysis | The rupturing of a cell due to excess internal pressure. |
| Hypotonic Solution | A solution in which the concentration of solutes is less than that of the cell which resides in the solution. |
| Activation Energy | Energy neccessary to get a chemical reaction going. |
| Messenger RNA | The RNA that performs transcription. |
| Transcription | The process to which mRNA produces a negative of a strand of DNA. |
| Translation | The process by which proteins are formed in the ribosome according to the negative in mRNA. |
| Codon | A sequence of three necleotides on mRNA that refers to a specific type of amino acid. |
| Anticodon | A three-nucleotide sequence on tRNA. |
