| A | B |
|---|
| history | study of the past |
| culture | the knowledge, beliefs, customs, and values of a group of people |
| archaeology | study of the past based on what people left behind |
| fossil | part or imprint of something that was once alive |
| artifacts | objects created by and used by humans (coins, tools, toys, pottery, arrowheads) |
| primary source | an account of an event created by someone who took part in or witnessed the event (treaties, letters, diaries, laws) |
| secondary source | information gathered by someone who did not take part in or witness an event (journal articles, encyclopedias, history textbooks) |
| physical geography | study of the earth's land and features |
| human geography | study of the people and the place where they live |
| geography | study of the earth and the ways people live and work on it |
| absolute location | the exact location of a place on the earth's surface |
| relative location | the position of a place in relation to other places |
| archaeologists | scientists who study the remains of past human life |
| anthropologists | scientists who study the origin and development of humans |
| geologists | scientists who study the physical structure and processes of the earth and planets of the solar system |
| historian | people who study history and write on it |
| decade | a period of 10 years |
| century | a period of 100 years |
| age | a long period of time marked by a single cultural feature |
| era | a long period of time marked by great events, developments, or figures |
| ancient | very old, or from a long time ago |
| circa or c. | a word used to show that historians are not sure of an exact date; it means about |
| B.C. | before the birth of Christ |
| A.D. | after the birth of Christ |
| BCE | another way to refer to BC dates; it stands for "before the common era" |
| CE | another way to refer to AD dates; it stands for "common era" |
