| A | B |
|---|
| Dorothea Dix | worked to reform conditions for prisoners and the mentally ill |
| women's suffrage | the right of women to vote |
| Washington Irving | wrote about the Dutch history of New York, is considered the first great writer of American literature |
| colonization movement or American Colonization Society | attempted to gradually free slaves and send them to Africa (Liberia) |
| temperance movement | sought to end abuses of drinking by asking people to cut back on drinking and avoiding drunkeness |
| William Lloyd Garrison | Famous white abolitionist who wanted to give full civil and political rights to African Americans, published "The Liberator" |
| prohibition | total ban on the sale and consumption of alcohol |
| Frederick Douglass | a former enslaved person who spoke about his experiences and published an abolitionist newspaper, "The North Star" |
| Underground Railroad | secret network of people who helped slaves escape slavery |
| Herman Melville | Novelist who wrote about the search for a white whale in "Moby Dick" and about extreme emotions |
| Hudson River School | painters best known for painting nature scenes |
| Elizabeth Cady Stanton | helped organize the Seneca Falls Convention, wrote the Declaration of Sentiments, and co-founded the National Women's Suffrage Association |
| Harriet Tubman | a former enslaved person who was very successful conductor on the Underground Railroad, nicknamed the Black Moses |
| Horace Mann | worked to improve public education, started teacher colleges, helped raise teachers' salaries, and sought to lengthen the school year |
| transcendentalism | a movement exploring the relationship between humans and nature through emotions rather than through reason |
| Walt Whitman | helped begin a new national American voice because his poems expressed the American democratic spirit |
| Grimke Sisters | abolitionists raised in the South, became the first female public speakers in America |
| Henry David Thoreau | author of "Civil Disobedience" who spent time living with nature at Walden Pond |
| Susan B. Anthony | worked for women's rights and co-founded the National Women's Suffrage Association with Elizabeth Cady Stanton |
| Mount Holyoke | first college for women in the United States |
| Sojourner Truth | former enslaved woman who gave powerful speeches about equal rights for African Americans and women |
| Emma Willard and Mary Lyon | began schools to educate women in the mid-1800s |
| Elizabeth Blackwell | first woman to graduate from an American medical school |
| Louisa May Alcott | presented American heroines as believable and imperfect rather than shining ideals in "Little Women" |
